Identity control theory - Revision history

wikademia>Eme at 08:47, 24 December 2009

2009-12-24T08:47:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:47, 24 December 2009
Line 77:		Line 77:

	[[Category:Identity]]		[[Category:Identity]]
			[[Category:Theories]]

wikademia>Wikademia at 04:36, 19 August 2009

2009-08-19T04:36:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:36, 19 August 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled -->~~
	~~{{AfDM\|page=Identity control theory\|logdate=2009 August 10\|substed=yes}}~~
	~~<!-- For administrator use only: {{oldafdfull\|page=Identity control theory\|date=10 August 2009\|result='''keep'''}} -->~~
	~~<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->~~
	~~{{Orphan\|date=May 2008}}{{context}}~~
	'''Identity control theory''' is a [[theory]] in [[sociology]] concerned with the development<!-- "development" in this context should probably have an appropriate wikilink --> of [[personal identity]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Handbook of social psychology\|chapter=Self and Identity\|editor=John D. DeLamater\|publisher=Springer\|date=2003\|isbn=0306476959\|isbn13=9780306476952\|author=Timorthy J. Owens\|pages=214–216}}</ref> Created by Peter Burke, it focuses on the nature of peoples' identities and the relationship between their identities and their behavior within the realm of their social structure. The identities of the individual are rooted in their social structure. Identity Control Theory was created based on traditional symbolic interaction views where people choose their own behaviors and how their behaviors correspond to the meanings of their identity. One of the main aspects ICT deals with is how individuals view their own identities and respond to the reactions to their identities of those around them. When an individual is acting according to the identity control theory they reflect on the identity they display and how others approve or disapprove of their identity. If the individual does not like the responses of others they will look at how they can change their views of their identity or their identity towards themselves to produce a positive outcome. One of the main benefits of this theory is how negative feelings can be prevented by individuals and by those around them. The people around someone who is displaying a certain identity have the ability to be more sensitive and prevent negative feelings if they understand identity control theory because they know what will bring out a negative response. On the other hand, the individual can prevent negative feelings that coincide with the teachings of identity control theory if they understand these teachings and can apply them to their own lives.		'''Identity control theory''' is a [[theory]] in [[sociology]] concerned with the development<!-- "development" in this context should probably have an appropriate wikilink --> of [[personal identity]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Handbook of social psychology\|chapter=Self and Identity\|editor=John D. DeLamater\|publisher=Springer\|date=2003\|isbn=0306476959\|isbn13=9780306476952\|author=Timorthy J. Owens\|pages=214–216}}</ref> Created by Peter Burke, it focuses on the nature of peoples' identities and the relationship between their identities and their behavior within the realm of their social structure. The identities of the individual are rooted in their social structure. Identity Control Theory was created based on traditional symbolic interaction views where people choose their own behaviors and how their behaviors correspond to the meanings of their identity. One of the main aspects ICT deals with is how individuals view their own identities and respond to the reactions to their identities of those around them. When an individual is acting according to the identity control theory they reflect on the identity they display and how others approve or disapprove of their identity. If the individual does not like the responses of others they will look at how they can change their views of their identity or their identity towards themselves to produce a positive outcome. One of the main benefits of this theory is how negative feelings can be prevented by individuals and by those around them. The people around someone who is displaying a certain identity have the ability to be more sensitive and prevent negative feelings if they understand identity control theory because they know what will bring out a negative response. On the other hand, the individual can prevent negative feelings that coincide with the teachings of identity control theory if they understand these teachings and can apply them to their own lives.

wikademia>Wikademia: 86 revisions

2009-08-11T00:19:50Z

86 revisions

← Older revision	Revision as of 00:19, 11 August 2009
(No difference)

wikademia>Location: A cited introduction, however, I'm not even sure this is completely accurate.

2009-08-10T20:50:08Z

A cited introduction, however, I'm not even sure this is completely accurate.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 10 August 2009
Line 4:		Line 4:
	<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->		<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->
	{{Orphan\|date=May 2008}}{{context}}		{{Orphan\|date=May 2008}}{{context}}
	'''Identity ~~Control Theory~~'''~~, created~~ by Peter Burke, focuses on the nature of peoples' identities and the relationship between their identities and their behavior within the realm of their social structure. The identities of the individual are rooted in their social structure. Identity Control Theory was created based on traditional symbolic interaction views where people choose their own behaviors and how their behaviors correspond to the meanings of their identity. One of the main aspects ICT deals with is how individuals view their own identities and respond to the reactions to their identities of those around them. When an individual is acting according to the identity control theory they reflect on the identity they display and how others approve or disapprove of their identity. If the individual does not like the responses of others they will look at how they can change their views of their identity or their identity towards themselves to produce a positive outcome. One of the main benefits of this theory is how negative feelings can be prevented by individuals and by those around them. The people around someone who is displaying a certain identity have the ability to be more sensitive and prevent negative feelings if they understand identity control theory because they know what will bring out a negative response. On the other hand, the individual can prevent negative feelings that coincide with the teachings of identity control theory if they understand these teachings and can apply them to their own lives.		'''Identity control theory''' is a [[theory]] in [[sociology]] concerned with the development<!-- "development" in this context should probably have an appropriate wikilink --> of [[personal identity]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Handbook of social psychology\|chapter=Self and Identity\|editor=John D. DeLamater\|publisher=Springer\|date=2003\|isbn=0306476959\|isbn13=9780306476952\|author=Timorthy J. Owens\|pages=214–216}}</ref> Created by Peter Burke, it focuses on the nature of peoples' identities and the relationship between their identities and their behavior within the realm of their social structure. The identities of the individual are rooted in their social structure. Identity Control Theory was created based on traditional symbolic interaction views where people choose their own behaviors and how their behaviors correspond to the meanings of their identity. One of the main aspects ICT deals with is how individuals view their own identities and respond to the reactions to their identities of those around them. When an individual is acting according to the identity control theory they reflect on the identity they display and how others approve or disapprove of their identity. If the individual does not like the responses of others they will look at how they can change their views of their identity or their identity towards themselves to produce a positive outcome. One of the main benefits of this theory is how negative feelings can be prevented by individuals and by those around them. The people around someone who is displaying a certain identity have the ability to be more sensitive and prevent negative feelings if they understand identity control theory because they know what will bring out a negative response. On the other hand, the individual can prevent negative feelings that coincide with the teachings of identity control theory if they understand these teachings and can apply them to their own lives.

	==Identity Control Theory Components==		==Identity Control Theory Components==
Line 68:		Line 68:

	==References==		==References==
			{{reflist}}
	*Burke, Peter. 4 October 2007. ''Identity Control Theory.'' http://wat2146.ucr.edu/Papers/05d.pdf		*Burke, Peter. 4 October 2007. ''Identity Control Theory.'' http://wat2146.ucr.edu/Papers/05d.pdf
	*Foulton, Susan. 1982. ''An Approach to the Measurement of Coping.'' Journal of Occupational Behavior, Vol 3.		*Foulton, Susan. 1982. ''An Approach to the Measurement of Coping.'' Journal of Occupational Behavior, Vol 3.

wikademia>Uncle G: /* Further reading */ Added.

2009-08-10T19:04:12Z

wikademia>Uncle G: Removed tag for which no issue is apparent, and which was probably just overtagging.

2009-08-10T19:02:59Z

Removed tag for which no issue is apparent, and which was probably just overtagging.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 10 August 2009
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<!-- For administrator use only: {{oldafdfull\|page=Identity control theory\|date=10 August 2009\|result='''keep'''}} -->		<!-- For administrator use only: {{oldafdfull\|page=Identity control theory\|date=10 August 2009\|result='''keep'''}} -->
	<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->		<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->
	{{Orphan~~\|date=May 2008}}{{Cleanup~~\|date=May 2008}}{{context}}		{{Orphan\|date=May 2008}}{{context}}
	'''Identity Control Theory''', created by Peter Burke, focuses on the nature of peoples' identities and the relationship between their identities and their behavior within the realm of their social structure. The identities of the individual are rooted in their social structure. Identity Control Theory was created based on traditional symbolic interaction views where people choose their own behaviors and how their behaviors correspond to the meanings of their identity. One of the main aspects ICT deals with is how individuals view their own identities and respond to the reactions to their identities of those around them. When an individual is acting according to the identity control theory they reflect on the identity they display and how others approve or disapprove of their identity. If the individual does not like the responses of others they will look at how they can change their views of their identity or their identity towards themselves to produce a positive outcome. One of the main benefits of this theory is how negative feelings can be prevented by individuals and by those around them. The people around someone who is displaying a certain identity have the ability to be more sensitive and prevent negative feelings if they understand identity control theory because they know what will bring out a negative response. On the other hand, the individual can prevent negative feelings that coincide with the teachings of identity control theory if they understand these teachings and can apply them to their own lives.		'''Identity Control Theory''', created by Peter Burke, focuses on the nature of peoples' identities and the relationship between their identities and their behavior within the realm of their social structure. The identities of the individual are rooted in their social structure. Identity Control Theory was created based on traditional symbolic interaction views where people choose their own behaviors and how their behaviors correspond to the meanings of their identity. One of the main aspects ICT deals with is how individuals view their own identities and respond to the reactions to their identities of those around them. When an individual is acting according to the identity control theory they reflect on the identity they display and how others approve or disapprove of their identity. If the individual does not like the responses of others they will look at how they can change their views of their identity or their identity towards themselves to produce a positive outcome. One of the main benefits of this theory is how negative feelings can be prevented by individuals and by those around them. The people around someone who is displaying a certain identity have the ability to be more sensitive and prevent negative feelings if they understand identity control theory because they know what will bring out a negative response. On the other hand, the individual can prevent negative feelings that coincide with the teachings of identity control theory if they understand these teachings and can apply them to their own lives.

wikademia>Uncle G: Wikified.

2009-08-10T19:00:54Z

Wikified.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 10 August 2009
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<!-- For administrator use only: {{oldafdfull\|page=Identity control theory\|date=10 August 2009\|result='''keep'''}} -->		<!-- For administrator use only: {{oldafdfull\|page=Identity control theory\|date=10 August 2009\|result='''keep'''}} -->
	<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->		<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->
	{{Orphan~~\|date=May 2008}}{{Wikify~~\|date=May 2008}}{{Cleanup\|date=May 2008}}		{{Orphan\|date=May 2008}}{{Cleanup\|date=May 2008}}{{context}}
	{{context}}		'''Identity Control Theory''', created by Peter Burke, focuses on the nature of peoples' identities and the relationship between their identities and their behavior within the realm of their social structure. The identities of the individual are rooted in their social structure. Identity Control Theory was created based on traditional symbolic interaction views where people choose their own behaviors and how their behaviors correspond to the meanings of their identity. One of the main aspects ICT deals with is how individuals view their own identities and respond to the reactions to their identities of those around them. When an individual is acting according to the identity control theory they reflect on the identity they display and how others approve or disapprove of their identity. If the individual does not like the responses of others they will look at how they can change their views of their identity or their identity towards themselves to produce a positive outcome. One of the main benefits of this theory is how negative feelings can be prevented by individuals and by those around them. The people around someone who is displaying a certain identity have the ability to be more sensitive and prevent negative feelings if they understand identity control theory because they know what will bring out a negative response. On the other hand, the individual can prevent negative feelings that coincide with the teachings of identity control theory if they understand these teachings and can apply them to their own lives.
	~~<br />~~'''Identity Control Theory''', created by Peter Burke, focuses on the nature of peoples' identities and the relationship between their identities and their behavior within the realm of their social structure. The identities of the individual are rooted in their social structure. Identity Control Theory was created based on traditional symbolic interaction views where people choose their own behaviors and how their behaviors correspond to the meanings of their identity. One of the main aspects ICT deals with is how individuals view their own identities and respond to the reactions to their identities of those around them. When an individual is acting according to the identity control theory they reflect on the identity they display and how others approve or disapprove of their identity. If the individual does not like the responses of others they will look at how they can change their views of their identity or their identity towards themselves to produce a positive outcome. One of the main benefits of this theory is how negative feelings can be prevented by individuals and by those around them. The people around someone who is displaying a certain identity have the ability to be more sensitive and prevent negative feelings if they understand identity control theory because they know what will bring out a negative response. On the other hand, the individual can prevent negative feelings that coincide with the teachings of identity control theory if they understand these teachings and can apply them to their own lives.

	==Identity Control Theory Components==		==Identity Control Theory Components==
	~~<br />~~There are four main components of the identity control theory being '''identity standard''', '''input''', '''comparator''', and '''output'''. Each identity is viewed as a control system with these four components (Burke, 2007).~~<br />~~		There are four main components of the identity control theory being '''identity standard''', '''input''', '''comparator''', and '''output'''. Each identity is viewed as a control system with these four components (Burke, 2007).
	~~<br />~~ '''Identity standard''' is the first of the four components of identity control theory. Identity standard defines what it means to be who one is in a situation. The identity standard stores the self-meanings tied to social roles and membership in groups. This is the set of meanings for a given identity. The meanings in identity standard represent the goals or the way the situation is supposed to be. People act to verify or confirm their identities and in doing so they bring about a situation in which relevant meanings are consistent with their identity standard.~~<br />~~
	~~<br />~~ The next of the four components is '''input''' or also known as perceptions. Input is the meanings of how one sees oneself in a situation. These self-meanings often are derived from the way in which others see the self. This results from the feedback others have about how we come across in a given situation.~~<br />~~		'''Identity standard''' is the first of the four components of identity control theory. Identity standard defines what it means to be who one is in a situation. The identity standard stores the self-meanings tied to social roles and membership in groups. This is the set of meanings for a given identity. The meanings in identity standard represent the goals or the way the situation is supposed to be. People act to verify or confirm their identities and in doing so they bring about a situation in which relevant meanings are consistent with their identity standard.
	~~<br />~~ The third component of the identity control theory is '''comparator'''. The comparator compares the meanings from the input with those from the standard and registers the difference between them. This compares the perceived meanings with the meanings in the identity standard.~~<br />~~
	~~<br />~~The final component of the theory is '''output''' or sometimes called an error or discrepancy. Output is the differences that result from the perceptions and the identity standard. Then as a function of the output, there is meaningful behavior enacted in the situation that conveys meanings about our identity. If in a setting people perceive their identity relevant meanings to be congruent with the meansing in their identity standard, that is the discrepancy is zero, people continue to do what they have been doing. If the discrepancy is not zero, people change their behavior in such a way as to counteract the disturbance and reduce the discrepancy back toward zero (Burke, 2007). These altered meanings are perceived and again compared to the meanings in the identity standard. Thus, each identity is a control system that acts to control perceptions by bringing them into congruency with the meanings of their identity standards, thus reducing toward zero any discrepancy or error caused by a disturbance(Burke,2007).~~<br />~~		The next of the four components is '''input''' or also known as perceptions. Input is the meanings of how one sees oneself in a situation. These self-meanings often are derived from the way in which others see the self. This results from the feedback others have about how we come across in a given situation.
	~~<br />~~People act to verify or confirm their identities and in doing so they bring about a situation in which perceived meanings are consistent with their identity standard. If the identity is a role identity, then the behavior that brings about the changes in the situational meanings to make them consistent with the identity standard is appropriate role behavior. If the identity is a group or category based identity, the behavior which verifies the identity is the behavior that maintains group boundaries and divisions in the social structure. By verifying identities, people create and maintain the social structure in which the identities are embedded(Burke,2007).
			The third component of the identity control theory is '''comparator'''. The comparator compares the meanings from the input with those from the standard and registers the difference between them. This compares the perceived meanings with the meanings in the identity standard.

			The final component of the theory is '''output''' or sometimes called an error or discrepancy. Output is the differences that result from the perceptions and the identity standard. Then as a function of the output, there is meaningful behavior enacted in the situation that conveys meanings about our identity. If in a setting people perceive their identity relevant meanings to be congruent with the meansing in their identity standard, that is the discrepancy is zero, people continue to do what they have been doing. If the discrepancy is not zero, people change their behavior in such a way as to counteract the disturbance and reduce the discrepancy back toward zero (Burke, 2007). These altered meanings are perceived and again compared to the meanings in the identity standard. Thus, each identity is a control system that acts to control perceptions by bringing them into congruency with the meanings of their identity standards, thus reducing toward zero any discrepancy or error caused by a disturbance(Burke,2007).

			People act to verify or confirm their identities and in doing so they bring about a situation in which perceived meanings are consistent with their identity standard. If the identity is a role identity, then the behavior that brings about the changes in the situational meanings to make them consistent with the identity standard is appropriate role behavior. If the identity is a group or category based identity, the behavior which verifies the identity is the behavior that maintains group boundaries and divisions in the social structure. By verifying identities, people create and maintain the social structure in which the identities are embedded(Burke,2007).

	==Identity Control and Emotions==		==Identity Control and Emotions==
Line 65:		Line 69:
	==References==		==References==
	*Burke, Peter. 4 October 2007. ''Identity Control Theory.'' http://wat2146.ucr.edu/Papers/05d.pdf		*Burke, Peter. 4 October 2007. ''Identity Control Theory.'' http://wat2146.ucr.edu/Papers/05d.pdf

	*Foulton, Susan. 1982. ''An Approach to the Measurement of Coping.'' Journal of Occupational Behavior, Vol 3.		*Foulton, Susan. 1982. ''An Approach to the Measurement of Coping.'' Journal of Occupational Behavior, Vol 3.

	*Jenkins, Richard. 1996. ''Social Identity''.		*Jenkins, Richard. 1996. ''Social Identity''.

	*Stark, Rodney. 2007. "Sociology". Belmont, California. Thomson Higher Education.		*Stark, Rodney. 2007. "Sociology". Belmont, California. Thomson Higher Education.

	*Stets, Jan E. and Tsushima, Teresa M. 2001. ''Negative Emotion and Coping Responses Within Identity Control Theory''. Social Psychology Quarterly.		*Stets, Jan E. and Tsushima, Teresa M. 2001. ''Negative Emotion and Coping Responses Within Identity Control Theory''. Social Psychology Quarterly.

	*Stets, Jan E. and Turner, Jonathan H. 2005. ''The Sociology of Emotions''. New York, New York. Cambridge University Press.		*Stets, Jan E. and Turner, Jonathan H. 2005. ''The Sociology of Emotions''. New York, New York. Cambridge University Press.

	[[Category:Identity]]		[[Category:Identity]]

wikademia>Uncle G: Removed unsourced and unnecessary mini biography.

2009-08-10T18:58:54Z

Removed unsourced and unnecessary mini biography.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:58, 10 August 2009
Line 62:		Line 62:

	A man named George Herbert Mead furthered the ideas of self that were started by Cooley. Mead used two terms to further the understanding of social interaction. The first of these terms is '''mind'''. Mind, in this sense of the word, is being able to understand symbols that are used in everyday social interactions. Mead states that as an individual's interaction with others is repeated their mind becomes more developed. In other words, as people repeatedly interact with those around them, their ability to understand the symbols involved in the interactions more clearly. The more developed an individual's mind is, the easier social interaction will be for them. The second term brought about by Mead is '''self'''. In this context, self is the understanding a person creates of how others respond to them. Like the concept of mind, self is brought out by social interaction. By looking at how a group reacts to an individual, Mead says that the individual can not only come to understand their own identity but to also see things from the perspective of another individual. This means that one can imagine what things would be like if they were in another's situation. If this occurs over and over again the individual can begin to generalize what others will expect of the individual and how they will react to them. These relate to identity control theory because understanding the symbols involved in social interaction and being able to predict the outcomes of interaction can help and individual prevent the negative feelings that can be associated with identity control theory. If one can predict how people will react to their identity, they can make changes to their identity that will allow their personal view of their identity to match the view others have of their identity. This will draw positive emotions from the person rather than negative ones, which is what individuals strive for in regards to identity control theory.		A man named George Herbert Mead furthered the ideas of self that were started by Cooley. Mead used two terms to further the understanding of social interaction. The first of these terms is '''mind'''. Mind, in this sense of the word, is being able to understand symbols that are used in everyday social interactions. Mead states that as an individual's interaction with others is repeated their mind becomes more developed. In other words, as people repeatedly interact with those around them, their ability to understand the symbols involved in the interactions more clearly. The more developed an individual's mind is, the easier social interaction will be for them. The second term brought about by Mead is '''self'''. In this context, self is the understanding a person creates of how others respond to them. Like the concept of mind, self is brought out by social interaction. By looking at how a group reacts to an individual, Mead says that the individual can not only come to understand their own identity but to also see things from the perspective of another individual. This means that one can imagine what things would be like if they were in another's situation. If this occurs over and over again the individual can begin to generalize what others will expect of the individual and how they will react to them. These relate to identity control theory because understanding the symbols involved in social interaction and being able to predict the outcomes of interaction can help and individual prevent the negative feelings that can be associated with identity control theory. If one can predict how people will react to their identity, they can make changes to their identity that will allow their personal view of their identity to match the view others have of their identity. This will draw positive emotions from the person rather than negative ones, which is what individuals strive for in regards to identity control theory.

	~~==Peter J. Burke==~~

	Peter J. Burke is one of the creators of Identity Control Theory. Burkes educational background includes a BA in Sociology (1961) from the University of Massachusetts, an MA in Sociology (1964) from Yale University, and a PhD in Sociology (1965) from Yale University. He is currently a professor in the sociology department at the University of California, Riverside (UCR). Burke's research focuses on how individuals come together in groups and in society as a whole and how these social structures constrain and limit the kinds of actions that individuals can make. Burke's research areas include social psychology, identity and role, social interaction, and small groups. In 2003, Burke received the Cooley-Mead Award of the American Sociological Association's Secretion of Social Psychology. And in 2004, Burke received the Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

	==References==		==References==

wikademia>Zenwhat: AfD: Nominated for deletion; see Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Identity control theory

2009-08-10T01:02:40Z

AfD: Nominated for deletion; see Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Identity control theory

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:02, 10 August 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
			<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled -->
			{{AfDM\|page=Identity control theory\|logdate=2009 August 10\|substed=yes}}
			<!-- For administrator use only: {{oldafdfull\|page=Identity control theory\|date=10 August 2009\|result='''keep'''}} -->
			<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->
	{{Orphan\|date=May 2008}}{{Wikify\|date=May 2008}}{{Cleanup\|date=May 2008}}		{{Orphan\|date=May 2008}}{{Wikify\|date=May 2008}}{{Cleanup\|date=May 2008}}
	{{context}}		{{context}}

wikademia>Malcolma: cat

2009-07-15T09:55:20Z

cat

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 15 July 2009
Line 75:		Line 75:

	*Stets, Jan E. and Turner, Jonathan H. 2005. ''The Sociology of Emotions''. New York, New York. Cambridge University Press.		*Stets, Jan E. and Turner, Jonathan H. 2005. ''The Sociology of Emotions''. New York, New York. Cambridge University Press.
	~~{{uncategorized\|date=May 2009}}~~
			[[Category:Identity]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:04, 10 August 2009
Line 74:		Line 74:
	*Stets, Jan E. and Tsushima, Teresa M. 2001. ''Negative Emotion and Coping Responses Within Identity Control Theory''. Social Psychology Quarterly.		*Stets, Jan E. and Tsushima, Teresa M. 2001. ''Negative Emotion and Coping Responses Within Identity Control Theory''. Social Psychology Quarterly.
	*Stets, Jan E. and Turner, Jonathan H. 2005. ''The Sociology of Emotions''. New York, New York. Cambridge University Press.		*Stets, Jan E. and Turner, Jonathan H. 2005. ''The Sociology of Emotions''. New York, New York. Cambridge University Press.
			== Further reading ==
			* {{cite book\|chapter=Peter J. Burke's Identity Control Theory\|pages=124–133\|title=The sociology of emotions\|author=Jonathan H. Turner\|editor=Jan E. Stets\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|date=2005\|isbn=0521612225\|isbn13=9780521612227}}
			* {{cite book\|title=Handbook of social psychology\|chapter=Self and Identity\|editor=John D. DeLamater\|publisher=Springer\|date=2003\|isbn=0306476959\|isbn13=9780306476952\|author=Timorthy J. Owens\|pages=221–224}}
			* {{cite book\|title=Self and identity: personal, social, and symbolic\|editor=Yoshihisa Kashima, Margaret Foddy, and Michael Platow\|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates\|date=2002\|isbn=0805836845\|isbn13=9780805836844\|author=L. Smith-Lovin\|chapter=Roles, Identities, and Emotions: Parallel Processing and the Production of Mixed Emotions\|pages=136–137}}
			* {{cite book\|chapter=Theories of Self: Identities and Self-Care\|title=Adolescent health: a multidisciplinary approach to theory, research, and intervention\|author=Lynn Rew\|publisher=SAGE\|date=2004\|isbn=0761929118\|isbn13=9780761929116\|pages=119–120}}

	[[Category:Identity]]		[[Category:Identity]]