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	Welcome to the ~~Wikiversity~~ learning project about the '''Origins of Scientology'''.		Welcome to the learning project about the '''Origins of Scientology'''.

	This project is devoted to finding and reviewing reliable sources of information about the origin and early development of [[w:Scientology\|Scientology]].		This project is devoted to finding and reviewing reliable sources of information about the origin and early development of [[w:Scientology\|Scientology]].

wikademia>Eme: from: http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Origins_of_Scientology&action=edit

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Welcome to the Wikiversity learning project about the '''Origins of Scientology'''.

This project is devoted to finding and reviewing reliable sources of information about the origin and early development of [[w:Scientology|Scientology]].

'''project notes''': The following information needs to be updated to reflect the latest edits to the cited Wikipedia articles.

==The history of dianetics==
===from the [[w:History of Dianetics|History of Dianetics]] article at Wikipedia===
"The ideas of [[w:Dianetics|Dianetics]] originated in unpublished research L. Ron Hubbard supposedly performed in the 1920s and 1930s." <-- Like many statements in Wikipedia, this sentence was introduced to the encyclopedia with no citation. Hubbard would have been 19 in 1930. Claims have been made that by about the age of 12, [[w:L. Ron Hubbard|L. Ron Hubbard]] began thinking about the topics and issues that would eventually lead to the development of Scientology. Should the thoughts of a growing boy be described as "research"[http://foundingchurch.scientology.org/dc15.htm]?

"He recorded the results and his conclusions in an unpublished 1938 manuscript, Excalibur, the contents of which formed the basis for some of his later publications." <-- this is a vague statement. Why not describe what the "conclusion" was? The cited reference does not seem very relevant. Is the text of "The Anatomy Of Thought" (Hubbard Communication Office Policy Letter) available?

===other Web sources===
"at George Washington University.....he set out to determine precisely how the mind functioned." ([http://www.scientology.org/en_US/l-ron-hubbard/founder/pg011.html source])

"1937 cytological experiments" ([http://www.ronthephilosopher.org/page06.htm source])

"a new experimental path.....to determine how cells functioned..... an elaborate series of experiments in early 1938" ([http://www.scientology.org/en_US/l-ron-hubbard/founder/pg016.html source])

Reading after near death experience in 1938 ([http://www.ronthephilosopher.org/page00.htm source])

maybe 1920s and 1930s should be 1930s and 1940s ([http://www.scientology.org/en_US/l-ron-hubbard/founder/pg020.html see])

=How did [[w:Dianetics|Dianetics]] lead to [[w:Scientology|Scientology]]?=
==Sources==
===From the [[w:Scientology|Scientology]] article===
*In the 1965 edition of ''Scientology: The Fundamentals of Thought'', he added, "Scientology is that branch of psychology which treats or (embraces) human ability. It is an extension of ''Dianetics'' which is in itself an extension of old-time faculty-psychology of 400 years ago."

===Books===
Mentioned in [[w:Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health#Publication history|Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health]]: Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation (cites ''A Piece of Blue Sky'').

===Websites===
1945 "The state of Connecticut passed licensure legislation for psychologists, becoming the first state to recognize psychology as a protected practice oriented profession." ([http://allpsych.com/timeline.html source]).

1947 - [[w:Spring Grove Hospital Center|Spring Grove Hospital Center]] claims that [[w:Leukotomy|prefrontal lobotomies]] cure mental illness ([http://www.cwu.edu/~warren/addenda.html see])

When did New Jersey start to regulate psychologists?

The Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation is described as the target of a law suit by the New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners in 1951 (see [http://www-cgi.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/usr/dst/www/Library/Shelf/kent/eastern.html Scientology's Relationship With Eastern Religious Traditions])<ref>"Scientology's Relationship With Eastern Religious Traditions" by Stephen A. Kent in ''Journal of Contemporary Religion'' (1996) Vol. 11, No. 1, page 21.</ref>.

"The Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation, Inc., was accused of operating a school for treatment of disease without a license in a complaint by the State Board of Medical Examiners" See: [http://www.lermanet.com/scientologynews/elizabeth-foundation-011551.htm New Jersey Starts Action Against Dianetics]. The cited law: "No school or college shall be conducted within the State for the purpose of training or qualifying students to practice medicine or surgery or any branch thereof or any method for the treatment of disease or any abnormal physical condition without first securing form the State Board of Medical Examiners a license authorizing it to do so."

"Various groups can also be said to be spin-offs either of academia or religious traditions.
Scientology, UFO cults, and certain theistic evolutionist movements can be said to have obtained
their roots from scientific, i.e. scholarly, studies, even though the source material may be on the fringes of the academic world or outright poor scholarship."<ref>"Faith and the Academy:
Religious Communities and the Academic Study of Religion" by Ed Cottrell. ([http://www.edcottrell.com/downloads/faithacademy.pdf online]).</ref>

To what extent can dianetics be called a "religious doctrine"?<ref name="Hirsch-a">[http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/scientology.html Church of Scientology] entry in the Religious Movements website at the the University of Virginia; by Craig W. Hirsch et al.</ref>. Additional description, "Dianetics, a melange of Eastern mysticism, Freudian psychoanalysis, and a fair amount of pseudo-science"<ref name="Hirsch-b">[http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/scientology_arch2.html 1996 archive] of the original report by Craig W. Hirsch.</ref>. "''Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health'', authored in 1950 by L. Ron Hubbard, is the fundamental sacred text of Scientology"....." Negative sentiments are typically implied when the concepts "cult" and "sect" are employed in popular discourse. Since the Religious Movements Homepage seeks to promote religious tolerance and appreciation of the positive benefits of pluralism and religious diversity in human cultures, we encourage the use of alternative concepts that do not carry implicit negative stereotypes."

=When did Scientology start?=
==Sources==
[[w:Hubbard Association of Scientologists International|Hubbard Association of Scientologists International]] says: HASI was incorporated in 1954 (nonprofit) and cites [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Cowen/essays/battle.html this webpage] as saying it was started as the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS) on 10 September 1952

===From the [[w:Scientology|Scientology]] article===
*At [[w:Scientology|Scientology]] it says: "Scientology is a system of beliefs and practices created by ..... [[w:L. Ron Hubbard|L. Ron Hubbard]] in 1952 as a self-help philosophy."

*{{cite book | author=Atack, Jon | title=A Piece of Blue Sky | publisher=Lyle Stuart | year=1990 | id=ISBN 081840499X | url=http://www.clambake.org/archive/books/apobs/ }} A critical history of Scientology, by a Scientology archivist and former Scientologist
**To what extent can [[w:Operation Clambake|Operation Clambake]] publications be trusted as NPOV sources of information?

*"Scientology would be a study of knowledge," Hubbard stated in 1952. He went on to make it clear there is a difference between knowledge in recall, and understood, usable knowledge. And that Scientology would guide its members toward the latter situation. <ref>''Scientology: Milestone One'' an audio lecture in Wichita, Kansas on 3 March, 1952 with transcript, 1952 Pub by Golden Era Productions, Hollywood CA</ref>

===From the [[w:L. Ron Hubbard|L. Ron Hubbard]] article===
"In mid-1952, Hubbard expanded Dianetics into a secular philosophy which he called Scientology"

===From the [[w:Church of Scientology|Church of Scientology]] article===
*First incorporation of a Church of Scientology, December 1953 in New Jersey<ref>'Church of American Science' ([http://lisatrust.freewinds.cx/scientology/amscience1.htm incorporation papers]); 'Church of Scientology' ([http://www.lisamcpherson.org/scans/church_of_scientology_incorp_1953.pdf incorporation papers]); 'Church of Spiritual Engineering', ([http://www.lisamcpherson.org/scans/church_of_spiritual_engineering_incorp_1953.pdf incorporation papers]); 18 December, 1953</ref>, although "Scientology clubs" had been operating for at least a year before that.<ref>[http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,889564,00.html?internalid=ACA ''Remember Venus?''], [[w:Time (magazine)|TIME]], 22 December, 1952</ref>

===Online resources===
*[http://www.authenticscientology.net/index.htm The History of Scientology Expansion]. This website indicates that scientology started in 1951 ([http://www.authenticscientology.net/page02.htm specific page]) in the form of a new subject of study for [[w:Dianetics|Dianetics]] auditors.
**a "Scientology center" in Phoenix, Arizona. Spring 1952?
**Hubbard Association of Scientologists International (HASI)
**"the first Journal of Scientology was published in August 1952"
*The website of [http://www.algonet.se/~tourtel/interests/hubbard.html Michel Snoeck] mentions a "Handbook for Preclears" that was published in December 1951 and used the term "scientology". Snoeck provides an interesting [http://www.algonet.se/~tourtel/interests/hubbard.html#sourcenamescn link] to a description of a "new science of epistemology" that he claims was in the original version of the handbook. A 1952 publication called "Scientology: 8-80" is discussed by Snoeck and it describes the new science of scientology as a "science of knowledge" and introduces some ideas about thought as existing beyond physical reality.
*[[w:A History of Man|A History of Man]] - was this book really called [http://www.algonet.se/~tourtel/interests/hubbard.html#sourcenamescn Scientology: A History of Man]? [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0884043061/102-3595218-8883309?v=glance&n=283155 Amazon.com] 1952?<BR>The [http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?Search_Arg=Scientology%3A+A+History+of+Man&Search_Code=TALL&PID=6703&SEQ=20060725174548&CNT=25&HIST=1 Library of Congress] indicates that the full title is "Scientology, a history of man : a list and description of the principal incidents to be found in a human being".

=Spiritual/religious aspects made explicit=
==Sources==
===[[w:Church of Scientology|Church of Scientology]]===
*says "The Church of Scientology was founded in December 1953" but cites [http://www.lermanet.com/scientologynews/nytimes/nyt-irs-030997.htm this article] which says, "Since its founding in 1950, Scientology has grown into a worldwide movement".
**I guess the 1950 date is in reference to [[w:Dianetics|Dianetics]]<ref name="Creation">{{cite web | url = http://www.solitarytrees.net/pubs/skent/creation.htm?FACTNet#txtref02 | title = The Creation of 'Religious' Scientology | publisher = Religious Studies and Theology | accessdate = 2006-05-08}}</ref>.

===From the [[w:Scientology|Scientology]] article===
*In 1960 L. Ron Hubbard redefined Scientology as: "a religion by its basic tenets, practice, historical background and by the definition of the word “religion” itself." <ref>Hubbard Communications Office Bulletin (HCOB) 18 Apr 67 (HCOB of 21 June 1960 Revised) “Religious Philosophy and Religious Practice”</ref>

===[[w:Hubbard Association of Scientologists International|Hubbard Association of Scientologists International]]===
* cites [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Cowen/essays/battle.html this webpage] which says, "On 1 September 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International) "to establish a religious fellowship and association for research into the spirit and the human soul and the use and dissemination [of Scientology materials]." .....the first incorporated Church of Scientology being founded in California on 18 February 1954."

=Scientology and practicing medicine=
See "New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners", above.

In the [[w:Scientology|Scientology]] article without a citation: "Scientology's principles have been characterized as pseudoscientific by scientists, medical doctors and psychotherapeutic practitioners."<BR>There are 10 items in the [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez PubMed] database for "scientology". Three of them:
*"Complaints against scientology doctors" by van der Linde I. {{Entrez Pubmed|10416447}}
*"Scientology and APA" {{Entrez Pubmed|9406275}}
*"Scientology" {{Entrez Pubmed|6022467}}

= Scientology vs Governments =
==Wikipedia [[w:Scientology|Scientology]]==
"In 1993, contemporaneously with its official recognition of Scientology as a bonafide church, The United States Internal Revenue Service released and circulated to the press and to foreign governments a body of documents covered with an explanatory letter. It acknowledged that, in violation of their authority and in a more or less coordinated campaign stretching back to early 1953, the IRS, FBI and other government agencies had forwarded significant amounts of information on Scientology which they knew to be false and defamatory, some compiled without any factual basis by medical and psychiatric sources, to foreign intelligence agencies abroad. These agencies had also urged foreign governments to take action against the church. The motives for these actions were not explained. The cover letter requested removal of the false data from foreign government files, but it is unknown if this request had any effect."([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientology&oldid=280333 Revision as of 08:57, 26 November 2001])([http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientology&oldid=40277 also 10 October 2001])

[http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientology&diff=40278&oldid=40277 First Wikipedia edit]: "religion" changed to "cult" by anon at 63.20.33.xxx

19 November 2001 Lee Daniel Crocker --> (note: this is one of our best carefully-polished well-debated articles; changes to content should not be made lightly.)

The above information about the IRS [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientology&diff=732742&oldid=732604 was removed] by [[w:User:217.162.157.176|User:217.162.157.176]] on 8 March 2003.
==Wikipedia [[w:Operation Snow White|Operation Snow White]]==
"The "Snow White Program" was written by L. Ron Hubbard" cites [[w:Bare-faced Messiah|Bare-faced Messiah]], any documents written by Hubbard? ([http://www.spaink.net/cos/rmiller/ online])
==Other websites==
[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Cowen/essays/irs-snow.html The original Snow White program, provided as Exhibit II-10-A]

"the original Snow White plan, written by L. Ron Hubbard himself on 20 April 1973"<BR>
The document ("PROJECT HUNTER") shown says, "Any action taken against this area must also be very polite and not abusive". It outlines a plan to ask US government agencies to correct false information or face law suits.

=References=
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
==Sources checking==
All of the scientology-related Wikipedia articles seem to contain unverifiable sources of low quality. Many are attack websites that to not cite verifiable sources, and sites of the Church of Scientology are also of low quality concerning Hubbard's life or the founding of the church.
===Wikipedia articles needed source verification===
*[[w:Scientology|Scientology]]
*[[w:L. Ron Hubbard|L. Ron Hubbard]]
*[[w:Dianetics|Dianetics]]

[[Category:Scientology]]

Origins of Scientology - Revision history

wikademia>Eme at 09:27, 5 November 2010

wikademia>Eme: from: http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Origins_of_Scientology&action=edit