Physics of the Impossible - Revision history

wikademia>Eme at 05:35, 24 November 2009

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	'''''Physics of the Impossible''': A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel'' is a 2008 book by [[physics\|physicist]] [[Michio Kaku]], who has a [[Ph.D.]] in [[theoretical physics]]. Kaku uses discussion of speculative technologies to educate the reader in lessons of fundamental [[physics]]. The topic of invisibility becomes a discussion on the reason the [[speed of light]] is slower in water than a vacuum, that [[electromagnetism]] occurs in waves like ripples on a pond, and a discussion on the use of newly-developed [[composite material]]s. The topic of hand-held lasers, or [[Star Trek]] “phasers”, become lessons on how today’s [[laser]]s work and how the current research in the technology is done. With each discussion of science fiction technology topics he also “explains the hurdles to realizing these [[science fiction]] concepts as reality."<ref name="NYT" >{{cite journal		'''''Physics of the Impossible''': A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel'' is a 2008 book by [[physics\|physicist]] [[Michio Kaku]], who has a [[Ph.D.]] in [[theoretical physics]]. Kaku uses discussion of speculative technologies to educate the reader in lessons of fundamental [[physics]]. The topic of invisibility becomes a discussion on the reason the [[speed of light]] is slower in water than a vacuum, that [[electromagnetism]] occurs in waves like ripples on a pond, and a discussion on the use of newly-developed [[composite material]]s. The topic of hand-held lasers, or [[Star Trek]] “phasers”, become lessons on how today’s [[laser]]s work and how the current research in the technology is done. With each discussion of science fiction technology topics he also “explains the hurdles to realizing these [[science fiction]] concepts as reality."<ref name="NYT" >{{cite journal
	\|journal=New York Times		\|journal=New York Times

wikademia>Wikademia: 8 revisions

2009-06-04T06:30:10Z

8 revisions

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wikademia>Theaura: /* Contents */

2009-06-04T02:27:09Z

Contents

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	==Contents==		==Contents==
	Each chapter states the technology mentioned and how it might become a reality, although chapters become somewhat more general towards the end of the book due to lack of research. Some of the technologies mentioned are explained as per a slightly altered form, which remains as true to the original concept as possible while remaining practical.~~{{Fact\|date=May 2009}}~~ Kaku concludes his book with a short epilogue detailing the newest frontiers in physics and how there is still much more to be learned about physics and our universe.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible" >{{cite book		Each chapter states the technology mentioned and how it might become a reality, although chapters become somewhat more general towards the end of the book due to lack of research. Some of the technologies mentioned are explained as per a slightly altered form, which remains as true to the original concept as possible while remaining practical.<ref>"Kaku, Physics of the Impossible", Preface p. xvii</ref> Kaku concludes his book with a short epilogue detailing the newest frontiers in physics and how there is still much more to be learned about physics and our universe.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible" >{{cite book
	\|last=Kaku \|first=Michio		\|last=Kaku \|first=Michio
	\|title=Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel		\|title=Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel

wikademia>Theaura at 02:20, 4 June 2009

2009-06-04T02:20:10Z

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	'''''Physics of the Impossible''': A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel'' is a 2008 book by [[physics\|physicist]] [[Michio Kaku]], who has a [[Ph.D.]] in [[theoretical physics~~]], He is a professor of theoretical physics at the Graduate Center of the [[City University of New York]], and is a cofounder of [[string field theory~~]].		'''''Physics of the Impossible''': A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel'' is a 2008 book by [[physics\|physicist]] [[Michio Kaku]], who has a [[Ph.D.]] in [[theoretical physics]]. Kaku uses discussion of speculative technologies to educate the reader in lessons of fundamental [[physics]]. The topic of invisibility becomes a discussion on the reason the [[speed of light]] is slower in water than a vacuum, that [[electromagnetism]] occurs in waves like ripples on a pond, and a discussion on the use of newly-developed [[composite material]]s. The topic of hand-held lasers, or [[Star Trek]] “phasers”, become lessons on how today’s [[laser]]s work and how the current research in the technology is done. With each discussion of science fiction technology topics he also “explains the hurdles to realizing these [[science fiction]] concepts as reality."<ref name="NYT" >{{cite journal
	Kaku uses discussion of speculative technologies to educate the ~~interested~~ reader in lessons of fundamental [[physics]]. The topic of invisibility becomes a discussion on the reason the [[speed of light]] is slower in water than a vacuum, that [[electromagnetism]] occurs in waves like ripples on a pond, and a discussion on the use of newly developed [[composite material]]s. The topic of hand-held lasers, or [[Star Trek]] “phasers”, become lessons on how today’s [[laser]]s work and how the current research in the technology is done. With each discussion of science fiction technology topics he also “explains the hurdles to realizing these [[science fiction]] concepts as reality."<ref name="NYT" >{{cite journal
	\|journal=New York Times		\|journal=New York Times
	\|title=Paper Cuts : Why Don’t We Invent It Tomorrow?		\|title=Paper Cuts : Why Don’t We Invent It Tomorrow?
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	==Contents==		==Contents==
	Each chapter states the technology mentioned and how it might become a reality, although chapters become somewhat more general towards the end of the book due to lack of research. Some of the technologies mentioned are explained as per a slightly altered form, which remains as true to the original concept as possible while remaining practical.{{Fact\|date=May 2009}} Kaku concludes his book with a short epilogue detailing the newest frontiers in physics and how there is still much more to be learned about physics and our universe.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible" >{{cite book		Each chapter states the technology mentioned and how it might become a reality, although chapters become somewhat more general towards the end of the book due to lack of research. Some of the technologies mentioned are explained as per a slightly altered form, which remains as true to the original concept as possible while remaining practical.{{Fact\|date=May 2009}} Kaku concludes his book with a short epilogue detailing the newest frontiers in physics and how there is still much more to be learned about physics and our universe.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible" >{{cite book
	\|last=Kaku \|first=Michio		\|last=Kaku \|first=Michio
	\|title=Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel		\|title=Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel
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	According to Kaku, 150 years ago, technological advances that we take for granted today were declared impossible. [[Lord Kelvin\|William Thomson Kelvin]] (1824 – 1907) , a [[mathematical physicist]] and inventor of the [[Kelvin scale]] said publicly that “heavier than air” machines were impossible. “He thought [[X-rays]] were a hoax, and that [[radio]] had no future.”<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface pp. x - xiii</ref>		According to Kaku, 150 years ago, technological advances that we take for granted today were declared impossible. [[Lord Kelvin\|William Thomson Kelvin]] (1824 – 1907) , a [[mathematical physicist]] and inventor of the [[Kelvin scale]] said publicly that “heavier than air” machines were impossible. “He thought [[X-rays]] were a hoax, and that [[radio]] had no future.”<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface pp. x - xiii</ref>
	[[Ernest Rutherford]] (1871 – 1937), a physicist who experimentally described the atom, thought the [[atom bomb]] was impossible and he compared it to [[moonshine]]. Televisions, computers, and the [[internet]] would seem incredibly fantastic to the people of the turn of the [[20th century]]. Black holes were considered science fiction and even [[Einstein]] showed that [[black holes]] could not exist. [[19th century]] science had determined that it was impossible for [[Age of the Earth\|the earth to be billions of years old]]. Even in the [[1920]]’s and 1930’s [[Robert Goddard]] was scoffed at because it was believed that rockets would never be able to [[Space exploration\|go into space]].<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />		[[Ernest Rutherford]] (1871 – 1937), a physicist who experimentally described the atom, thought the [[atom bomb]] was impossible and he compared it to [[moonshine]]. Televisions, computers, and the [[internet]] would seem incredibly fantastic to the people of the turn of the [[20th century]]. Black holes were considered science fiction and even [[Einstein]] showed that [[black holes]] could not exist. [[19th century]] science had determined that it was impossible for [[Age of the Earth\|the earth to be billions of years old]]. Even in the [[1920]]’s and 1930’s [[Robert Goddard]] was scoffed at because it was believed that rockets would never be able to [[Space exploration\|go into space]].<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />
	Such advances were considered impossible because the basic laws of physics and science were not understood as they are understood today. Kaku states that “as a physicist [he] learned that the impossible is often a relative term.” So, he ~~asks~~ the ~~questions~~ – ~~isn’t~~ it ~~possible~~ to think that we might build space ships that can travel distances of [[light years]], or think that we might [[teleport]] ourselves from one place to the other?<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />		Such advances were considered impossible because the basic laws of physics and science were not understood as they are understood today. Kaku states that “as a physicist [he] learned that the impossible is often a relative term.” By this definition of "impossible," he poses the question – is it not plausible to think that we might someday build space ships that can travel distances of [[light years]], or think that we might [[teleport]] ourselves from one place to the other?<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />

	==Physical limits of technology==		==Physical limits of technology==

wikademia>Theaura: /* Physical limits of technology */

2009-06-04T02:10:01Z

Physical limits of technology

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	==Physical limits of technology==		==Physical limits of technology==

	Kaku writes that since scientists understand the basic laws of [[physics]] today they are able to perceive or imagine a basic outline of [[Futurology\|future technologies]] that might work. Kaku writes: "~~Physicist~~ today understand the basic laws [of physics] extending over a staggering forty three orders of magnitude, from the interior of the proton out to the expanding universe."<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xviii" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface p.xviii</ref>		Kaku writes that since scientists understand the basic laws of [[physics]] today they are able to perceive or imagine a basic outline of [[Futurology\|future technologies]] that might work. Kaku writes: "Physicists today understand the basic laws [of physics] extending over a staggering forty three orders of magnitude, from the interior of the proton out to the expanding universe."<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xviii" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface p.xviii</ref>
	He goes on to say that physicists can discern between future technologies that are merely improbable and those technologies that are truly impossible. He uses a system of Class I, Class II, and Class III to classify these science-fictional future technologies that are believed to be impossible today:		He goes on to say that physicists can discern between future technologies that are merely improbable and those technologies that are truly impossible. He uses a system of Class I, Class II, and Class III to classify these science-fictional future technologies that are believed to be impossible today:
	*Class I Impossibilities are "technologies that are impossible today, but that do not violate the known laws of physics." Kaku speculates that these technologies may become available in some limited form in a century or two.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xviii" />		*Class I Impossibilities are "technologies that are impossible today, but that do not violate the known laws of physics." Kaku speculates that these technologies may become available in some limited form in a century or two.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xviii" />
	*Class II Impossibilities “technologies that sit at the very edge of our understanding of the physical world," possibly taking thousands or millions of years to become available.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xvii" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface p.xvii</ref>		*Class II Impossibilities are “technologies that sit at the very edge of our understanding of the physical world," possibly taking thousands or millions of years to become available.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xvii" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface p.xvii</ref>
	*Class III Impossibilities “technologies that violate the known laws of physics." Kaku only lists a few of these. Development of these technologies would represent a fundamental shift in human understanding of physics.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xvii" /><ref name="urlPhysics of the Impossible, By Michio Kaku - Reviews, Books - The Independent">{{cite web \|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/physics-of-the-impossible-by-michio-kaku-859665.html \|title=Physics of the Impossible, By Michio Kaku - Reviews, Books - The Independent \|format= \|work= \|accessdate=2009-06-03}}</ref>		*Class III Impossibilities are “technologies that violate the known laws of physics." Kaku only lists a few of these. Development of these technologies would represent a fundamental shift in human understanding of physics.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xvii" /><ref name="urlPhysics of the Impossible, By Michio Kaku - Reviews, Books - The Independent">{{cite web \|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/physics-of-the-impossible-by-michio-kaku-859665.html \|title=Physics of the Impossible, By Michio Kaku - Reviews, Books - The Independent \|format= \|work= \|accessdate=2009-06-03}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

wikademia>Theaura at 02:09, 4 June 2009

2009-06-04T02:09:05Z

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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	==Impossibility==		==The Concept of Impossibility==

	According to Kaku, 150 years ago, technological advances that we take for granted today were declared impossible. [[Lord Kelvin\|William Thomson Kelvin]] (1824 – 1907) , a [[mathematical physicist]] and inventor of the [[Kelvin scale]] said publicly that “heavier than air” machines were impossible. “He thought [[X-rays]] were a hoax, and that [[radio]] had no future.”<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface pp. x - xiii</ref>		According to Kaku, 150 years ago, technological advances that we take for granted today were declared impossible. [[Lord Kelvin\|William Thomson Kelvin]] (1824 – 1907) , a [[mathematical physicist]] and inventor of the [[Kelvin scale]] said publicly that “heavier than air” machines were impossible. “He thought [[X-rays]] were a hoax, and that [[radio]] had no future.”<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface pp. x - xiii</ref>
	[[Ernest Rutherford]] (1871 – 1937), a physicist who experimentally described the atom, thought the [[atom bomb]] was impossible and he compared it to [[moonshine]]. Televisions, computers, and the [[internet]] would seem incredibly fantastic to the people of the turn of the [[20th century]]. Black holes were considered science fiction and even [[Einstein]] showed that [[black holes]] could not exist. [[19th century]] science had determined that it was impossible for [[Age of the Earth\|the earth to be billions of years old]]. Even in the [[1920]]’s and 1930’s [[Robert Goddard]] was scoffed at because it was believed that rockets would never be able to [[Space exploration\|go into space]].<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />		[[Ernest Rutherford]] (1871 – 1937), a physicist who experimentally described the atom, thought the [[atom bomb]] was impossible and he compared it to [[moonshine]]. Televisions, computers, and the [[internet]] would seem incredibly fantastic to the people of the turn of the [[20th century]]. Black holes were considered science fiction and even [[Einstein]] showed that [[black holes]] could not exist. [[19th century]] science had determined that it was impossible for [[Age of the Earth\|the earth to be billions of years old]]. Even in the [[1920]]’s and 1930’s [[Robert Goddard]] was scoffed at because it was believed that rockets would never be able to [[Space exploration\|go into space]].<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />
	Such advances were considered impossible because the basic laws of physics and science were not understood as they are understood today. Kaku states that “as a physicist he learned that the impossible is often a relative term.” So, he asks the questions – isn’t it possible to think that we might build space ships that can travel distances of [[light years]], or think that we might [[teleport]] ourselves from one place to the other?<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />		Such advances were considered impossible because the basic laws of physics and science were not understood as they are understood today. Kaku states that “as a physicist [he] learned that the impossible is often a relative term.” So, he asks the questions – isn’t it possible to think that we might build space ships that can travel distances of [[light years]], or think that we might [[teleport]] ourselves from one place to the other?<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />

	==Physical limits of technology==		==Physical limits of technology==

wikademia>Andy Dingley: sp.

2009-06-03T21:22:05Z

sp.

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	==Physical limits of technology==		==Physical limits of technology==

	Kaku writes that since scientists understand the basic laws of [[physics]] today they are able to ~~percieve~~ or imagine a basic outline of [[Futurology\|future technologies]] that might work. Kaku writes: "Physicist today understand the basic laws [of physics] extending over a staggering forty three orders of magnitude, from the interior of the proton out to the expanding universe."<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xviii" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface p.xviii</ref>		Kaku writes that since scientists understand the basic laws of [[physics]] today they are able to perceive or imagine a basic outline of [[Futurology\|future technologies]] that might work. Kaku writes: "Physicist today understand the basic laws [of physics] extending over a staggering forty three orders of magnitude, from the interior of the proton out to the expanding universe."<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xviii" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface p.xviii</ref>
	He goes on to say that physicists can discern between future technologies that are merely improbable and those technologies that are truly impossible. He uses a system of Class I, Class II, and Class III to classify these science-fictional future technologies that are believed to be impossible today:		He goes on to say that physicists can discern between future technologies that are merely improbable and those technologies that are truly impossible. He uses a system of Class I, Class II, and Class III to classify these science-fictional future technologies that are believed to be impossible today:
	*Class I Impossibilities are "technologies that are impossible today, but that do not violate the known laws of physics." Kaku speculates that these technologies may become available in some limited form in a century or two.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xviii" />		*Class I Impossibilities are "technologies that are impossible today, but that do not violate the known laws of physics." Kaku speculates that these technologies may become available in some limited form in a century or two.<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref xviii" />

wikademia>SmackBot: Date maintenance tags and general fixes

2009-06-03T20:38:43Z

Date maintenance tags and general fixes

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wikademia>Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ): /* Impossibility */

2009-06-03T20:29:45Z

Impossibility

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	According to Kaku, 150 years ago, technological advances that we take for granted today were declared impossible. [[Lord Kelvin\|William Thomson Kelvin]] (1824 – 1907) , a [[mathematical physicist]] and inventor of the [[Kelvin scale]] said publicly that “heavier than air” machines were impossible. “He thought [[X-rays]] were a hoax, and that [[radio]] had no future.”<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface pp. x - xiii</ref>		According to Kaku, 150 years ago, technological advances that we take for granted today were declared impossible. [[Lord Kelvin\|William Thomson Kelvin]] (1824 – 1907) , a [[mathematical physicist]] and inventor of the [[Kelvin scale]] said publicly that “heavier than air” machines were impossible. “He thought [[X-rays]] were a hoax, and that [[radio]] had no future.”<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" >[[#Kaku, Physics of the Impossible\|Kaku, Physics of the Impossible]], Preface pp. x - xiii</ref>
	[[Ernest Rutherford]] (1871 – 1937), a ~~famous~~ physicist who experimentally described the atom, thought the [[atom bomb]] was impossible and he compared it to [[moonshine]]. Televisions, computers, and the [[internet]] would seem incredibly ~~fanstastic~~ to the people of the turn of the [[20th century]]. Black holes were considered science fiction and even [[Einstein]] showed that [[black holes]] could not exist. [[19th century]] science had determined that it was impossible for [[Age of the Earth\|the earth to be billions of years old]]. Even in the [[1920]]’s and 1930’s [[Robert Goddard]] was scoffed at because it was believed that rockets would never be able to [[Space exploration\|go into space]].<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />		[[Ernest Rutherford]] (1871 – 1937), a physicist who experimentally described the atom, thought the [[atom bomb]] was impossible and he compared it to [[moonshine]]. Televisions, computers, and the [[internet]] would seem incredibly fantastic to the people of the turn of the [[20th century]]. Black holes were considered science fiction and even [[Einstein]] showed that [[black holes]] could not exist. [[19th century]] science had determined that it was impossible for [[Age of the Earth\|the earth to be billions of years old]]. Even in the [[1920]]’s and 1930’s [[Robert Goddard]] was scoffed at because it was believed that rockets would never be able to [[Space exploration\|go into space]].<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />
	Such advances were considered impossible because the basic laws of physics and science were not understood as they are understood today. Kaku states that “as a physicist he learned that the impossible is often a relative term.” So, he asks the questions – isn’t it possible to think that we might build space ships that can travel distances of [[light years]], or think that we might [[teleport]] ourselves from one place to the other?<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />		Such advances were considered impossible because the basic laws of physics and science were not understood as they are understood today. Kaku states that “as a physicist he learned that the impossible is often a relative term.” So, he asks the questions – isn’t it possible to think that we might build space ships that can travel distances of [[light years]], or think that we might [[teleport]] ourselves from one place to the other?<ref name="Kaku, Physics of the Impossible, pref" />

wikademia>Gigs: more than enough wikification now

2009-06-03T15:01:17Z

more than enough wikification now

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	~~{{Wikify\|date=May 2009}}~~

	'''''Physics of the Impossible''': A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel'' is a 2008 book by [[physics\|physicist]] [[Michio Kaku]], who has a [[Ph.D.]] in [[theoretical physics]], He is a professor of theoretical physics at the Graduate Center of the [[City University of New York]], and is a cofounder of [[string field theory]].		'''''Physics of the Impossible''': A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel'' is a 2008 book by [[physics\|physicist]] [[Michio Kaku]], who has a [[Ph.D.]] in [[theoretical physics]], He is a professor of theoretical physics at the Graduate Center of the [[City University of New York]], and is a cofounder of [[string field theory]].