War Before Civilization - Revision history

wikademia>Eme at 19:12, 14 June 2009

2009-06-14T19:12:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:12, 14 June 2009
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	In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.		In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.
			{{?}}
	One half of the people found in a [[Nubian]] cemetery dating to as early as 12,000 years ago had died of violence. The [[Yellowknives]] tribe in [[Canada]] was effectively obliterated by [[wiktionary:massacre\|massacres]] committed by Dogrib Indians, and disappeared from history shortly thereafter. Similar massacres occurred among the [[Eskimos]], the Crow Indians, and countless others. These mass killings occurred well before any contact with the West. In [[Arnhem Land]] in northern [[Australia]], a study of warfare among the [[Indigenous Australian]] Murngin people in the late-19th century found that over a 20-year period no less than 200 out of 800 men, or 25% of all adult males, had been killed in intertribal warfare. The accounts of missionaries to the area in the borderlands between [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] have recounted constant infighting in the [[Yanomami]] tribes for women or prestige, and evidence of continuous warfare for the enslavement of neighboring tribes such as the [[Macu tribe\|Macu]] before the arrival of European settlers and government. More than a third of the Yanomamo males, on average, died from warfare.		One half of the people found in a [[Nubian]] cemetery dating to as early as 12,000 years ago had died of violence. The [[Yellowknives]] tribe in [[Canada]] was effectively obliterated by [[wiktionary:massacre\|massacres]] committed by Dogrib Indians, and disappeared from history shortly thereafter. Similar massacres occurred among the [[Eskimos]], the Crow Indians, and countless others. These mass killings occurred well before any contact with the West. In [[Arnhem Land]] in northern [[Australia]], a study of warfare among the [[Indigenous Australian]] Murngin people in the late-19th century found that over a 20-year period no less than 200 out of 800 men, or 25% of all adult males, had been killed in intertribal warfare. The accounts of missionaries to the area in the borderlands between [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] have recounted constant infighting in the [[Yanomami]] tribes for women or prestige, and evidence of continuous warfare for the enslavement of neighboring tribes such as the [[Macu tribe\|Macu]] before the arrival of European settlers and government. More than a third of the Yanomamo males, on average, died from warfare.

wikademia>Wikademia at 17:55, 8 June 2009

2009-06-08T17:55:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:55, 8 June 2009
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	In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.		In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.

wikademia>Wikademia: 9 revisions

2009-06-06T21:48:52Z

9 revisions

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:48, 6 June 2009
(No difference)

wikademia>Cybercobra: Propose deletion

2009-06-06T10:02:15Z

Propose deletion

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			{{dated prod\|concern = Notability not asserted in article\|month = June\|day = 6\|year = 2009\|time = 10:02\|timestamp = 20090606100214}}
			<!-- Do not use the "dated prod" template directly; the above line is generated by "subst:prod\|reason" -->
	In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.		In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.

wikademia>Jeff3000: disambiguate Macu to Macu tribe

2009-04-19T18:40:30Z

disambiguate Macu to Macu tribe

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:40, 19 April 2009
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	In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.		In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.

	One half of the people found in a [[Nubian]] cemetery dating to as early as 12,000 years ago had died of violence. The [[Yellowknives]] tribe in [[Canada]] was effectively obliterated by [[wiktionary:massacre\|massacres]] committed by Dogrib Indians, and disappeared from history shortly thereafter. Similar massacres occurred among the [[Eskimos]], the Crow Indians, and countless others. These mass killings occurred well before any contact with the West. In [[Arnhem Land]] in northern [[Australia]], a study of warfare among the [[Indigenous Australian]] Murngin people in the late-19th century found that over a 20-year period no less than 200 out of 800 men, or 25% of all adult males, had been killed in intertribal warfare. The accounts of missionaries to the area in the borderlands between [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] have recounted constant infighting in the [[Yanomami]] tribes for women or prestige, and evidence of continuous warfare for the enslavement of neighboring tribes such as the [[Macu]] before the arrival of European settlers and government. More than a third of the Yanomamo males, on average, died from warfare.		One half of the people found in a [[Nubian]] cemetery dating to as early as 12,000 years ago had died of violence. The [[Yellowknives]] tribe in [[Canada]] was effectively obliterated by [[wiktionary:massacre\|massacres]] committed by Dogrib Indians, and disappeared from history shortly thereafter. Similar massacres occurred among the [[Eskimos]], the Crow Indians, and countless others. These mass killings occurred well before any contact with the West. In [[Arnhem Land]] in northern [[Australia]], a study of warfare among the [[Indigenous Australian]] Murngin people in the late-19th century found that over a 20-year period no less than 200 out of 800 men, or 25% of all adult males, had been killed in intertribal warfare. The accounts of missionaries to the area in the borderlands between [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] have recounted constant infighting in the [[Yanomami]] tribes for women or prestige, and evidence of continuous warfare for the enslavement of neighboring tribes such as the [[Macu tribe\|Macu]] before the arrival of European settlers and government. More than a third of the Yanomamo males, on average, died from warfare.

	In fact, says Keeley, it is peaceful societies that are the exception. About 90-95% of known societies engage in war. Those that did not are almost universally either isolated [[nomadic]] groups (for whom flight is an option), groups of defeated [[refugees]], or small enclaves under the protection of a larger modern state. The attrition rate of numerous close-quarter clashes, which characterize [[war]]fare in [[tribal]] [[warrior]] society, produces casualty rates of up to 60%, compared to 1% of the combatants as is typical in modern warfare. Despite the undeniable carnage and effectiveness of modern warfare, the evidence shows that tribal warfare is on average 20 times more deadly than 20th century warfare, whether calculated as a percentage of total deaths due to war or as average deaths per year from war as a percentage of the total population. "Had the same casualty rate been suffered by the population of the twentieth century," writes [[Nicholas Wade]], "its war deaths would have totaled two billion people."		In fact, says Keeley, it is peaceful societies that are the exception. About 90-95% of known societies engage in war. Those that did not are almost universally either isolated [[nomadic]] groups (for whom flight is an option), groups of defeated [[refugees]], or small enclaves under the protection of a larger modern state. The attrition rate of numerous close-quarter clashes, which characterize [[war]]fare in [[tribal]] [[warrior]] society, produces casualty rates of up to 60%, compared to 1% of the combatants as is typical in modern warfare. Despite the undeniable carnage and effectiveness of modern warfare, the evidence shows that tribal warfare is on average 20 times more deadly than 20th century warfare, whether calculated as a percentage of total deaths due to war or as average deaths per year from war as a percentage of the total population. "Had the same casualty rate been suffered by the population of the twentieth century," writes [[Nicholas Wade]], "its war deaths would have totaled two billion people."

wikademia>Eastlaw: dab link

2009-02-24T09:34:04Z

dab link

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:34, 24 February 2009
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	Professor Keeley conducts an investigation of the archaeological evidence for prehistoric violence, including murder and massacre as well as war. He also looks at nonstate societies of more recent times — where we can name the tribes and peoples — and their propensity for warfare with surprisingly deadly cumulative effects. It has long been known, for example, that many tribes of [[South America]]'s tropical forest engaged in frequent and horrific warfare, but some scholars have attributed their addiction to violence to baneful Western influences. Keeley produces evidence of frequent deadly raids and occasional wholesale massacres over much of prehistoric [[North America]], arguing that this archaeological evidence indicates that these massacres were not only prior to Western contact, but also more severe than anything reported in the ethnographic record for the region.		Professor Keeley conducts an investigation of the archaeological evidence for prehistoric violence, including murder and massacre as well as war. He also looks at nonstate societies of more recent times — where we can name the tribes and peoples — and their propensity for warfare with surprisingly deadly cumulative effects. It has long been known, for example, that many tribes of [[South America]]'s tropical forest engaged in frequent and horrific warfare, but some scholars have attributed their addiction to violence to baneful Western influences. Keeley produces evidence of frequent deadly raids and occasional wholesale massacres over much of prehistoric [[North America]], arguing that this archaeological evidence indicates that these massacres were not only prior to Western contact, but also more severe than anything reported in the ethnographic record for the region.

	For example, at [[Crow Creek]] in [[South Dakota]], archaeologists found a mass grave containing the remains of more than 500 men, women, and children who had been [[~~murder~~\|slaughtered]], [[scalped]], and mutilated during an attack on their village a century and a half before Columbus's arrival (ca. A.D. 1325). The [[Crow Creek massacre]] seems to have occurred just when the village's fortifications were being rebuilt. All the houses were burned, and most of the inhabitants were murdered. This [[death toll]] represented more than 60% of the village's population, estimated from the number of houses to have been about 800. The survivors appear to have been primarily young women, as their skeletons are underrepresented among the bones; if so, they were probably taken away as captives. Certainly, the site was deserted for some time after the attack because the bodies evidently remained exposed to scavenging animals for a few weeks before burial. In other words, this whole village was annihilated in a single attack and never reoccupied.[http://www.usd.edu/anth/crow/crow1.html]		For example, at [[Crow Creek]] in [[South Dakota]], archaeologists found a mass grave containing the remains of more than 500 men, women, and children who had been [[Murder\|slaughtered]], [[Scalping\|scalped]], and mutilated during an attack on their village a century and a half before Columbus's arrival (ca. A.D. 1325). The [[Crow Creek massacre]] seems to have occurred just when the village's fortifications were being rebuilt. All the houses were burned, and most of the inhabitants were murdered. This [[death toll]] represented more than 60% of the village's population, estimated from the number of houses to have been about 800. The survivors appear to have been primarily young women, as their skeletons are underrepresented among the bones; if so, they were probably taken away as captives. Certainly, the site was deserted for some time after the attack because the bodies evidently remained exposed to scavenging animals for a few weeks before burial. In other words, this whole village was annihilated in a single attack and never reoccupied.[http://www.usd.edu/anth/crow/crow1.html]

	==References==		==References==

wikademia>Munci at 05:42, 11 February 2009

2009-02-11T05:42:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:42, 11 February 2009
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	In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, a professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously.		In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, an archeology professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously, without defining what he means by a tribal society.

	One half of the people found in a [[Nubian]] cemetery dating to as early as 12,000 years ago had died of violence. The [[Yellowknives]] tribe in [[Canada]] was effectively obliterated by [[wiktionary:massacre\|massacres]] committed by Dogrib Indians, and disappeared from history shortly thereafter. Similar massacres occurred among the [[Eskimos]], the Crow Indians, and countless others. These mass killings occurred well before any contact with the West. In [[Arnhem Land]] in northern [[Australia]], a study of warfare among the [[Indigenous Australian]] Murngin people in the late-19th century found that over a 20-year period no less than 200 out of 800 men, or 25% of all adult males, had been killed in intertribal warfare. The accounts of missionaries to the area in the borderlands between [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] have recounted constant infighting in the [[Yanomami]] tribes for women or prestige, and evidence of continuous warfare for the enslavement of neighboring tribes such as the [[Macu]] before the arrival of European settlers and government. More than a third of the Yanomamo males, on average, died from warfare.		One half of the people found in a [[Nubian]] cemetery dating to as early as 12,000 years ago had died of violence. The [[Yellowknives]] tribe in [[Canada]] was effectively obliterated by [[wiktionary:massacre\|massacres]] committed by Dogrib Indians, and disappeared from history shortly thereafter. Similar massacres occurred among the [[Eskimos]], the Crow Indians, and countless others. These mass killings occurred well before any contact with the West. In [[Arnhem Land]] in northern [[Australia]], a study of warfare among the [[Indigenous Australian]] Murngin people in the late-19th century found that over a 20-year period no less than 200 out of 800 men, or 25% of all adult males, had been killed in intertribal warfare. The accounts of missionaries to the area in the borderlands between [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] have recounted constant infighting in the [[Yanomami]] tribes for women or prestige, and evidence of continuous warfare for the enslavement of neighboring tribes such as the [[Macu]] before the arrival of European settlers and government. More than a third of the Yanomamo males, on average, died from warfare.

wikademia>Munci: tidy refs

2008-10-22T04:22:29Z

tidy refs

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:22, 22 October 2008
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[http://www.troynovant.com/Franson/Keeley/War-Before-Civilization.html War Before Civilization - Lawrence H. Keeley]		*[http://www.troynovant.com/Franson/Keeley/War-Before-Civilization.html War Before Civilization - Lawrence H. Keeley]
	[http://brneurosci.org/reviews/war.html Review: War Before Civilization][http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n16_v48/ai_18614114/pg_1 War before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage]		*[http://brneurosci.org/reviews/war.html Review: War Before Civilization]
	[http://www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/003424.html Gene Expression: Primitive Warfare]		*[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n16_v48/ai_18614114/pg_1 War before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage]
			*[http://www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/003424.html Gene Expression: Primitive Warfare]

	[[Category:Military history books]]		[[Category:Military history books]]
	[[Category:American books]]		[[Category:American books]]

wikademia>Fratrep: Repairing link to disambiguation page - You can help!

2008-07-16T18:58:51Z

Repairing link to disambiguation page - You can help!

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:58, 16 July 2008
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	In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, a professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously.		In his book '''War Before Civilization''', Lawrence H. Keeley, a professor at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\|University of Illinois]], says that 87% of tribal societies were at war more than once per year, and some 65% of them were fighting continuously.

	One half of the people found in a [[Nubian]] cemetery dating to as early as 12,000 years ago had died of violence. The [[Yellowknives]] tribe in [[Canada]] was effectively obliterated by [[massacres]] committed by Dogrib Indians, and disappeared from history shortly thereafter. Similar massacres occurred among the [[Eskimos]], the Crow Indians, and countless others. These mass killings occurred well before any contact with the West. In [[Arnhem Land]] in northern [[Australia]], a study of warfare among the [[Indigenous Australian]] Murngin people in the late-19th century found that over a 20-year period no less than 200 out of 800 men, or 25% of all adult males, had been killed in intertribal warfare. The accounts of missionaries to the area in the borderlands between [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] have recounted constant infighting in the [[Yanomami]] tribes for women or prestige, and evidence of continuous warfare for the enslavement of neighboring tribes such as the [[Macu]] before the arrival of European settlers and government. More than a third of the Yanomamo males, on average, died from warfare.		One half of the people found in a [[Nubian]] cemetery dating to as early as 12,000 years ago had died of violence. The [[Yellowknives]] tribe in [[Canada]] was effectively obliterated by [[wiktionary:massacre\|massacres]] committed by Dogrib Indians, and disappeared from history shortly thereafter. Similar massacres occurred among the [[Eskimos]], the Crow Indians, and countless others. These mass killings occurred well before any contact with the West. In [[Arnhem Land]] in northern [[Australia]], a study of warfare among the [[Indigenous Australian]] Murngin people in the late-19th century found that over a 20-year period no less than 200 out of 800 men, or 25% of all adult males, had been killed in intertribal warfare. The accounts of missionaries to the area in the borderlands between [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]] have recounted constant infighting in the [[Yanomami]] tribes for women or prestige, and evidence of continuous warfare for the enslavement of neighboring tribes such as the [[Macu]] before the arrival of European settlers and government. More than a third of the Yanomamo males, on average, died from warfare.

	In fact, says Keeley, it is peaceful societies that are the exception. About 90-95% of known societies engage in war. Those that did not are almost universally either isolated [[nomadic]] groups (for whom flight is an option), groups of defeated [[refugees]], or small enclaves under the protection of a larger modern state. The attrition rate of numerous close-quarter clashes, which characterize [[war]]fare in [[tribal]] [[warrior]] society, produces casualty rates of up to 60%, compared to 1% of the combatants as is typical in modern warfare. Despite the undeniable carnage and effectiveness of modern warfare, the evidence shows that tribal warfare is on average 20 times more deadly than 20th century warfare, whether calculated as a percentage of total deaths due to war or as average deaths per year from war as a percentage of the total population. "Had the same casualty rate been suffered by the population of the twentieth century," writes [[Nicholas Wade]], "its war deaths would have totaled two billion people."		In fact, says Keeley, it is peaceful societies that are the exception. About 90-95% of known societies engage in war. Those that did not are almost universally either isolated [[nomadic]] groups (for whom flight is an option), groups of defeated [[refugees]], or small enclaves under the protection of a larger modern state. The attrition rate of numerous close-quarter clashes, which characterize [[war]]fare in [[tribal]] [[warrior]] society, produces casualty rates of up to 60%, compared to 1% of the combatants as is typical in modern warfare. Despite the undeniable carnage and effectiveness of modern warfare, the evidence shows that tribal warfare is on average 20 times more deadly than 20th century warfare, whether calculated as a percentage of total deaths due to war or as average deaths per year from war as a percentage of the total population. "Had the same casualty rate been suffered by the population of the twentieth century," writes [[Nicholas Wade]], "its war deaths would have totaled two billion people."

wikademia>Munci: Undid revision 217975745 by Mikker (talk)eh? did you mean to do that?

2008-06-09T03:19:58Z

Undid revision 217975745 by Mikker (talk)eh? did you mean to do that?

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:19, 9 June 2008
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	[[Category:Military history books]]		[[Category:Military history books]]
	[[Category:American books]]		[[Category:American books]]

	~~== Headline text ==~~