Archive:Introduction to Dutch: Difference between revisions
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==Alphabet== | ==Alphabet=={{ntnes}} | ||
The Dutch alphabet consists of the standard 26 | The Dutch alphabet consists of the standard 26 Latin letters. (A through Z)<br/> | ||
But when using barbarisms or neologisms it is not uncommon to use foreign accents. | But when using barbarisms or neologisms it is not uncommon to use foreign accents. | ||
* '''Ü'''berhaupt (German) | * '''Ü'''berhaupt (German) | ||
* Pr'''ê'''t a porter (French) | * Pr'''ê'''t a porter (French) | ||
* Pat'''é''' (French) | * Pat'''é''' (French) | ||
* Tr'''è'''ve (French | * Tr'''è'''ve (French) | ||
Besides these foreign words the French ''accent | Besides these foreign words the French ''accent aigu'' is also used to emphasise a sound or distinguish between two similar words. | ||
The ''accent | The ''accent aigu'' is primarily used on the e in the word ''een'' to distinguish between;<br/> | ||
een = a / an<br/> | een = a / an<br/> | ||
één = one | één = one | ||
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| tenth | | tenth | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||
| Line 75: | Line 71: | ||
| zij | | zij | ||
| she | | she | ||
|- | |||
| het | |||
| it | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| they | | they | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | ||
| mij/me | | mij/me | ||
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| haar/d'r | | haar/d'r | ||
| her | | her | ||
|- | |||
| het | |||
| it | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| them | | them | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | ||
| mijn/m'n | | mijn/m'n | ||
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| haar/d'r | | haar/d'r | ||
| her | | her | ||
|- | |||
| - | |||
| its | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| their | | their | ||
|} | |} | ||
Note: When the Dutch forms come in pairs the one to the left is the stressed and official form and the one to the right the unstressed and less official form. The forms 'm and d'r are spoken forms that shouldn't be used in written form outside chat rooms. The difference between the use of hen and hun is slowly fading, though the official use of hun is only as a possesive adjective instead of a personal pronoun. | Note: When the Dutch forms come in pairs the one to the left is the stressed and official form and the one to the right the unstressed and less official form. The forms 'm and d'r are spoken forms that shouldn't be used in written form outside chat rooms. The difference between the use of hen and hun is slowly fading, though the official use of hun is only as a possesive adjective instead of a personal pronoun. | ||
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{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | ||
| De | | De | ||
| The ( | | The (masculine / feminine) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Het | | Het | ||
| The ( | | The (neuter) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Een | | Een | ||
| A / an | | A / an (indefinite) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|<u>'''Present continuous'''</u> | |<u>'''Present continuous'''</u> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Leren''' (= | | '''Leren''' (= to learn) | ||
| '''Lopen''' (= | | '''Lopen''' (= to walk) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ik leer | |Ik leer | ||
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|<u>'''Present continuous'''</u> | |<u>'''Present continuous'''</u> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Zijn''' (= | |'''Zijn''' (= to be) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ik ben | | Ik ben | ||
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| They are | | They are | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Language introductions]] | |||
[[Category:Dutch]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:04, 12 June 2009
Alphabet
The Dutch alphabet consists of the standard 26 Latin letters. (A through Z)
But when using barbarisms or neologisms it is not uncommon to use foreign accents.
- Überhaupt (German)
- Prêt a porter (French)
- Paté (French)
- Trève (French)
Besides these foreign words the French accent aigu is also used to emphasise a sound or distinguish between two similar words.
The accent aigu is primarily used on the e in the word een to distinguish between;
een = a / an
één = one
Dutch also uses the dieresis to indicate a syllable break. For example in the word knieën. In this case the dieresis indicates the syllable structure of this word is knie-en, and not kni-een, a non-existing word that would have a different pronunciation.
The Dutch language has several diphtones (sounds made by combining letters)
AU / OU ; sounds like ow in the English word Now
OE ; sounds like ou the English word You
EU ; non-existent in English
IJ / EI ; non-existent in English
UI ; non-existent in English
Numbers
1 één, 2 twee, 3 drie, 4 vier, 5 vijf, 6 zes, 7 zeven, 8 acht, 9 negen, 10 tien, 11 elf, 12 twaalf, 13 dertien, 14 veertien, 15 vijftien, 16 zestien, 17 zeventien, 18 achttien, 19 negentien.
Starting from 20, counting always takes place by adding the numbers one through nine before the decimal and adding en.
20 twintig, 21 eenentwintig, 22 tweeentwintig, 23 drieentwintig, 24 vierentwintig, 25 vijfentwintig etc.
30 dertig, 40 veertig, 50 vijftig, 60 zestig, 70 zeventig, 80 tachtig, 90 negentig, 100 honderd, 200 tweehonderd, 300 driehonderd etc.
1000 duizend, 2000 tweeduizend, 3000 drieduizend etc. 10.000 tienduizend, 100.000 honderdduizend, 1.000.000 miljoen, 1.000.000.000 miljard, 1.000.000.000.000 biljoen.
| eerste | first | zesde | sixth |
| tweede | second | zevende | seventh |
| derde | third | achtste | eighth |
| vierde | fourth | negende | ninth |
| vijfde | fifth | tiende | tenth |
Pronouns
| ik | I |
| jij/je | you (singular) |
| hij | he |
| zij | she |
| het | it |
| wij/we | we |
| jullie | you (plural) |
| zij | they |
| mij/me | me |
| jou/je | you (singular) |
| hem/'m | him |
| haar/d'r | her |
| het | it |
| ons | us |
| jullie | you (plural) |
| hen/hun | them |
| mijn/m'n | my |
| jouw/je | your (singular) |
| zijn/z'n | his |
| haar/d'r | her |
| - | its |
| ons, onze | our |
| jullie | your (plural) |
| hun | their |
Note: When the Dutch forms come in pairs the one to the left is the stressed and official form and the one to the right the unstressed and less official form. The forms 'm and d'r are spoken forms that shouldn't be used in written form outside chat rooms. The difference between the use of hen and hun is slowly fading, though the official use of hun is only as a possesive adjective instead of a personal pronoun.
Articles
| De | The (masculine / feminine) |
| Het | The (neuter) |
| Een | A / an (indefinite) |
Regular verbs
| Present continuous | |
| Leren (= to learn) | Lopen (= to walk) |
| Ik leer | Ik loop |
| Jij leert | Jij loopt |
| Hij / zij / het leert | Hij / zij / het loopt |
| Wij leren | Wij lopen |
| Zij leren | Zij lopen |
| Jullie leren | Jullie lopen |
Irregular verbs
| Present continuous | |
| Zijn (= to be) | |
| Ik ben | I am |
| Jij bent | You are (singular) |
| Hij / zij/ het is | He / she / it is |
| Wij zijn | We are |
| Jullie zijn | You are (plural) |
| Zij zijn | They are |