Archive:Gamma boron discovery controversy: Difference between revisions
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'''The gamma boron discovery controversy''' relates to a dispute as to which group of scientists discovered the gamma-phase of elemental [[boron]]. | '''The gamma boron discovery controversy''' relates to a dispute as to which group of scientists discovered the gamma-phase of elemental [[boron]]. | ||
The first | The first report of this phase was probably made by Wentorf in 1965.<ref name=wentorf>{{cite journal | ||
|author=Wentorf R. H. Jr. | |||
|title=Boron: Another Form | |||
|journal=Science | |||
|volume=147 | |||
|year=1965 | |||
|page=49–50 | |||
|doi=10.1126/science.147.3653.49}}</ref>, see <ref name=Zar>{{cite journal | |||
|author=Zarechnaya E.Yu., Dubrovinsky L., Dubrovinskaia N., Miyajima N., Filinchuk Y.,Chernyshov D.,Dmitriev V. | |||
| title=Synthesis of an orthorhombic high pressure boron phase. | |||
| journal=Science and Technology of Advanced Materials | |||
| volume=9 | |||
| year=2008 | |||
| doi=10.1088/1468-6996/9/4/044209 | |||
|url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1468-6996/9/4/044209/stam8_4_044209.pdf}} Submitted 3 November 2008, Published online 28 January 2009.</ref> | |||
However, in the 1965 paper the chemical composition was not determined (and hence the possibility of chemical contamination was not ruled out)<ref name="wentorf" /> and no structural solution was given. In spite of the indirect evidence given by Wentorf, the common opinion (<ref>Amberger, E., Ploog, K. Bildung der Gitter des Reinen Bors. J. Less-Common Metals 23, 21-31 (1971).</ref>,<ref>Douglas, B.E., Ho, S.-M., Structure and Chemistry of Crystalline Solids (Springer, N.Y., 2006)</ref>, and also the fact that Wentorf's date were deleted from Powder Diffraction Files database} was that he synthesized some boron compound and/or a mixture of phases (the latter seems to be correct - it appears he dealt with a mixture of phases containing gamma-B).{{Fact|date=May 2009}}<!--This speculation needs a credible source. A credible source should state that the Wentdorf material was a mixture of something elese.--> For these reasons Wentorf's paper had attracted little attention and citation (only 6 citations in 44 years - see Web of Knowledge database at: http://www.isiknowledge.com), and most likely for the same reasons Wentorf's data were deleted from the Powder Diffraction File database (database available from http://www.icdd.com/).{{Fact|date=May 2009}}<!--This speculation needs a credible source. The cause of deletion has to be given in the source!--> | |||
J. Chen and V. L. Solozhenko, who independently synthesized the gamma phase in 2004, proved that they were dealing with a pure boron phase. The structure was solved by X-ray [[powder diffraction]] and [[Ab initio quantum chemistry methods|''ab initio'']] [[crystal structure prediction]] calculations by A. R. Oganov in 2006.<ref name="Oganov-Nature">{{cite journal |author = Oganov A.R., Chen J., Gatti C., Ma Y.-M., Yu T., Liu Z., Glass C.W., Ma Y.-Z., Kurakevych O.O., Solozhenko V.L. |title = Ionic high-pressure form of elemental boron |doi = 10.1038/nature07736 |journal = Nature |volume = 457 |year = 2009 |page = 863–867}} Submitted 27 January 2007, Published online 28 January 2009.</ref> | |||
Oganov, Chen, and Solozhenko published their findings jointly in ''Nature'' in January 2009.<ref name="Oganov-Nature" /> At the same time, another group consisting of Dubrovinsky, Dubrovinskaia, and Filinchuk published a paper <ref name=Zar/> claiming novelty.{{Fact|date=May 2009}}<!--The word: we disovered a new phase should be in the cited article. A new boron phase as title only gives the fact that this is new. I can publish something about something new without claiming that I discovered it.--> They confirmed Oganov's structure using powder diffraction <ref name="Zar" /> and [[X-ray crystallography|single crystal X-ray diffraction]].<ref>{{cite journal| title=Superhard Semiconducting Optically Transparent High Pressure Phase of Boron| author= E. Yu. Zarechnaya| journal= Phys. Rev. Lett.| volume=102 |page =185501 |year =2009| doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.185501}}</ref> Oganov and his colleagues maintain that Filinchuk (at that time Oganov's friend) received a copy of Oganov's manuscript on 9 December 2006, but Dubrovinsky, Dubriovinskaia and Filinchuk refused to acknowledge this fact.<ref>"[http://sites.google.com/site/gammaboron/Home/filinchukmisconduct The Filinchuk correspondence]", A.R. Oganov, V.L. Solozhenko, C. Gatti, J. Chen, O.O. Kurakevych. Retrieved 9 May, 2009</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=May 2009}} | |||
Oganov and colleagues made at least 8 presentations of their findings at conferences, including the high-profile IUCr meeting (attended also by Dubrovinsky, Dubrovinskaia, and Filinchuk), see their abstract from August 2008 <ref>[http://journals.iucr.org/a/issues/2008/a1/00/a38423/a38423.pdf C. Gatti, A. R. Oganov, J. Chen and Y. Ma. (2008). How and why elemental boron undergoes self charge transfer between 19 and 89 GPa. ''Acta Cryst.'' A64, C70 (August 2008). http://journals.iucr.org/a/issues/2008/a1/00/issconts.html ]</ref>, also uncited by Dubrovinsky, Dubrovinskaia, and Filinchuk. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* "[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090128215130.htm High Pressure Yields Novel Single-element Boron 'Compound']", ''Science Daily'', February 4, 2009. | * "[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090128215130.htm High Pressure Yields Novel Single-element Boron 'Compound']", ''Science Daily'', February 4, 2009. | ||
* "[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/03/science/03boron.html?ref=science Theory and Experiment Meet, and a New Form of Boron Is Found]", Kenneth Chang, ''New York Times'', February 2, 2009. | |||
* "[http://sites.google.com/site/gammaboron/Home Gamma-Boron home page]". A web site maintained by Oganov and colleagues that presents correspondence showing that Filinchuk had their paper since 9 December 2006. | |||
* "[http://sites.google.com/site/gammaboron/Home/false-claims Novelty claims from Dubrovinskaia]". A web-site maintained by Oganov and his colleagues that presents some of the claims of priority (in scientific literature and in conferences) made by Dubrovinsky's team. | |||
[[Category:Discovery and invention controversies]] | [[Category:Discovery and invention controversies]] | ||
[[Category:Boron]] | |||
Latest revision as of 08:21, 12 June 2009
The gamma boron discovery controversy relates to a dispute as to which group of scientists discovered the gamma-phase of elemental boron.
The first report of this phase was probably made by Wentorf in 1965.[1], see [2]
However, in the 1965 paper the chemical composition was not determined (and hence the possibility of chemical contamination was not ruled out)[1] and no structural solution was given. In spite of the indirect evidence given by Wentorf, the common opinion ([3],[4], and also the fact that Wentorf's date were deleted from Powder Diffraction Files database} was that he synthesized some boron compound and/or a mixture of phases (the latter seems to be correct - it appears he dealt with a mixture of phases containing gamma-B).[citation needed] For these reasons Wentorf's paper had attracted little attention and citation (only 6 citations in 44 years - see Web of Knowledge database at: http://www.isiknowledge.com), and most likely for the same reasons Wentorf's data were deleted from the Powder Diffraction File database (database available from http://www.icdd.com/).[citation needed]
J. Chen and V. L. Solozhenko, who independently synthesized the gamma phase in 2004, proved that they were dealing with a pure boron phase. The structure was solved by X-ray powder diffraction and ab initio crystal structure prediction calculations by A. R. Oganov in 2006.[5] Oganov, Chen, and Solozhenko published their findings jointly in Nature in January 2009.[5] At the same time, another group consisting of Dubrovinsky, Dubrovinskaia, and Filinchuk published a paper [2] claiming novelty.[citation needed] They confirmed Oganov's structure using powder diffraction [2] and single crystal X-ray diffraction.[6] Oganov and his colleagues maintain that Filinchuk (at that time Oganov's friend) received a copy of Oganov's manuscript on 9 December 2006, but Dubrovinsky, Dubriovinskaia and Filinchuk refused to acknowledge this fact.[7]Template:Verify credibility Oganov and colleagues made at least 8 presentations of their findings at conferences, including the high-profile IUCr meeting (attended also by Dubrovinsky, Dubrovinskaia, and Filinchuk), see their abstract from August 2008 [8], also uncited by Dubrovinsky, Dubrovinskaia, and Filinchuk.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wentorf R. H. Jr. (1965). "Boron: Another Form". Science 147: 49–50. doi:.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Zarechnaya E.Yu., Dubrovinsky L., Dubrovinskaia N., Miyajima N., Filinchuk Y.,Chernyshov D.,Dmitriev V. (2008). "Synthesis of an orthorhombic high pressure boron phase.". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 9. doi:. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1468-6996/9/4/044209/stam8_4_044209.pdf. Submitted 3 November 2008, Published online 28 January 2009.
- ↑ Amberger, E., Ploog, K. Bildung der Gitter des Reinen Bors. J. Less-Common Metals 23, 21-31 (1971).
- ↑ Douglas, B.E., Ho, S.-M., Structure and Chemistry of Crystalline Solids (Springer, N.Y., 2006)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Oganov A.R., Chen J., Gatti C., Ma Y.-M., Yu T., Liu Z., Glass C.W., Ma Y.-Z., Kurakevych O.O., Solozhenko V.L. (2009). "Ionic high-pressure form of elemental boron". Nature 457: 863–867. doi:. Submitted 27 January 2007, Published online 28 January 2009.
- ↑ E. Yu. Zarechnaya (2009). "Superhard Semiconducting Optically Transparent High Pressure Phase of Boron". Phys. Rev. Lett. 102: 185501. doi:.
- ↑ "The Filinchuk correspondence", A.R. Oganov, V.L. Solozhenko, C. Gatti, J. Chen, O.O. Kurakevych. Retrieved 9 May, 2009
- ↑ C. Gatti, A. R. Oganov, J. Chen and Y. Ma. (2008). How and why elemental boron undergoes self charge transfer between 19 and 89 GPa. Acta Cryst. A64, C70 (August 2008). http://journals.iucr.org/a/issues/2008/a1/00/issconts.html
External links
- "High Pressure Yields Novel Single-element Boron 'Compound'", Science Daily, February 4, 2009.
- "Theory and Experiment Meet, and a New Form of Boron Is Found", Kenneth Chang, New York Times, February 2, 2009.
- "Gamma-Boron home page". A web site maintained by Oganov and colleagues that presents correspondence showing that Filinchuk had their paper since 9 December 2006.
- "Novelty claims from Dubrovinskaia". A web-site maintained by Oganov and his colleagues that presents some of the claims of priority (in scientific literature and in conferences) made by Dubrovinsky's team.