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| '''Engineering Geology''' is the application of the science of [[geology]] to the understanding of [[geologic]] phenomena and the engineering solution of [[geologic hazards]] and other geologic problems for society. Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, [[environmental impact analysis]], [[civil engineering]] [[design]], [[value engineering]] and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and [[forensic]] phases of projects. Engineering geologic studies are performed by a [[geologist]] or [[engineering geologist]] educated, professionally trained and skilled at the recognition and analysis of [[geologic hazards]] and adverse geologic conditions. Their overall objective is the protection of people and property against damage and the solution of geologic problems. Engineering geologic studies may be performed for residential, commercial and industrial developments; for governmental and [[military]] installations; for public works such as a [[power plant]], [[wind turbine tower]], electrical [[transmission line]], [[sewage treatment]] plant, [[water treatment]] plant, [[pipeline]] ([[aqueduct]], [[sewer]], [[outfall]]), [[tunnel]], [[trenchless]] construction, [[canal]], [[dam]], [[reservoir]], building, [[railroad]], [[transit]], [[highway]], [[bridge]], [[seismic retrofit]], airport and park; for [[mine]] and [[quarry]] excavations, [[mine tailing dam]], [[mine reclamation]] and mine [[tunneling]]; [[wetland]] and [[habitat restoration]] program; [[coastal]] engineering, [[sand replenishment]], [[bluff]] or [[sea cliff]] stability, [[harbor]], [[pier]] and waterfront development; for offshore [[outfall]], [[drilling platform]] and [[sub-sea pipeline]], sub-sea cable; and for other types of facilities. | | '''Engineering geology''' related content is to be organized and developed here. |
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| | == Projects and resources == |
| | Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. |
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| =='''Geologic Hazards'''==
| | Wikademia has adopted an applied model for education. Lessons should centered around active learning. |
| Typical [[geologic hazards]] evaluated by an [[engineering geologist]] include [[fault rupture]] on seismically active [[faults]], [[seismic]] and [[earthquake]] hazards (ground shaking, [[liquefaction]], [[lurching]], [[lateral spreading]], [[tsunamis]] and [[seiches]]; [[landslide]], [[mudflow]], [[rock fall]] and [[avalanche]] hazards; [[unstable slopes]] and [[slope stability]]; [[erosion]]; [[slaking]] and [[heave]] of geologic formations; ground [[subsidence]] (such as due to [[ground water]] withdrawal, [[sinkhole]] collapse, [[cave]] collapse, decomposition of organic soils and [[tectonic]] movement); [[volcanic]] hazards (volcanic [[eruptions]], [[debris flows]], [[earthquakes]] and ash falls); collapsible soils; shallow ground water/seepage; and other types of geologic constraints. Engineering geologists, often working in conjunction with a [[geophysicist]], may evaluate conditions such as the [[excavatability]] of rock and earth materials (also referred to as [[rippability]]) to assess the need for [[blasting]] during earthwork construction, as well as associated impacts due to [[vibration]] during blasting on projects.
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| =='''Methods and Reporting'''==
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| The methods used by an [[engineering geologist]] in their studies include geologic field [[mapping]] of geologic structures, geologic formations, soil units and hazards; the review of geologic literature, geologic maps, geotechnical reports, engineering plans, environmental reports, stereoscopic [[aerial photograph]], remote sensing data, topographic maps and [[satellite]] imagery; the excavation, sampling and logging of earth/rock materials in drilled [[borings]], backhoe test pits and trenches, [[fault trenching]], and bulldozer pits; [[geophysical]] surveys (such as [[seismic refraction]] traverses, [[resistivity]] surveys, [[ground penetrating radar]] ([[GPR]]) surveys, [[magnetometer]] surveys, [[electromagnetic]] ([[EM]]) surveys, high-resolution [[sub-bottom profiling]], and other geophysical methods); and other methods. The field work is typically culminated in analysis of the data and the preparation of an engineering geologic report, [[fault hazard]] report or [[seismic hazard]] report, [[geophysical]] report, [[ground water resource]] report or [[hydrogeologic]] report. The engineering geologic report is often prepared in conjunction with a [[geotechnical engineering]] report by a [[geotechnical engineer]]. The report describes the objectives, methodology, references cited, tests performed, findings and recommendations.
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| =='''Characteristics of an Engineering Geologist'''==
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| 1. '''Observation skills''': Ability to observe and understand the important physical features, as well as the small, subtle and seemingly unimportant features. Ability to listen and take good notes.
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| 2. '''Spatial skills''': Ability to visualize and draw [[geologic structures]] (for example faults, bedding planes, landslides, jointing, etc.) in 3-dimensions.
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| 3. '''Problem solving''': Desire to analyze and solve problems.
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| 4. '''Scientific curiosity''': Desire to know the truth regardless of whether or not it agrees with your original idea about something.
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| 5. '''Open mind''': Ability to withhold your final judgment until all data has been gathered and analyzed.
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| 6. '''Writing and communications''': Ability to write and communicate geologic and engineering ideas to other geologists, engineers, non-specialists and the public.
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| 7. '''Math and computer skills''': Ability to quantify and analyze data and results.
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| 8. '''Team player''': Ability to work in teams and get along with others.
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| 9. '''Desire to work outdoors''': The reason why many students become engineering geologists.
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| 10. Professional Ethics:
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| | Select a descriptive name for each new link. See [[Meta:Naming conventions|naming conventions]]. |
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| =='''Education'''== | | * [[Engineering geology]] |
| | * [http://wikademia.org/Special:Search?search=engineering+geology&fulltext=Search Search] |
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| Education of Engineering Geologists requires a college degree, such as a Bachelors, Masters in [[Geology]], or [[Geological Engineering]]. Course work in [[Geophysics]], [[Seismology]], [[Hydrogeology]], [[Soil Mechanics]], and [[Geotechnical Engineering]] is also helpful. A PhD is required for certain university teaching and research positions and certain governmental positions.
| | == Readings == |
| | * [[About engineering geology]] |
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| By Greg Farrand, CEG, San Diego, California
| | ==See also== |
| | * [[Engineering]] |
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| =='''See also'''==
| | [[Category:Engineering geology|#]] |
| * [[List of publications in geology#Engineering geology| Important publications in engineering geology]]
| | [[Category:Departments]] |
| | __NOTOC__ |
Engineering geology related content is to be organized and developed here.
Projects and resources
Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments.
Wikademia has adopted an applied model for education. Lessons should centered around active learning.
Select a descriptive name for each new link. See naming conventions.
Readings
See also
