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| '''Engineering Geology''' is the application of the [[Geology|geologic sciences]] to engineering practice for the purpose of assuring that the geologic factors affecting the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and adequately provided for. [[Engineering geologists]] investigate and provide geologic and geotechnical recommendations, analysis, and design associated with human development. The realm of the [[engineering geologists]] is essentially in the area of earth-structure interactions, or investigation of how the earth or earth processes impact human made structures and human activities. | | '''Engineering geology''' related content is to be organized and developed here. |
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| | == Projects and resources == |
| | Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. |
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| Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, environmental impact analysis, civil or structural engineering design, value engineering and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and forensic phases of projects. Works completed by [[engineering geologists]] include; [[geologic hazards]], [[geotechnical]], material properties, [[landslide]] and slope stability, [[erosion]], [[flooding]], [[dewatering]], and [[seismic]] investigations, etc. Engineering geologic studies are performed by a [[geologist]] or [[engineering geologist]] that is educated, trained and has obtained experience related to the recognition and interpretation of natural processes, the understanding of how these processes impact man-made structures (and visa-versa), and knowledge of methods by which to mitigate for hazards resulting for adverse natural or man-made conditions. The principal objective of the engineering geologists is the protection of life and property against damage caused by geologic conditions.
| | Wikademia has adopted an applied model for education. Lessons should centered around active learning. |
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| Engineering geologic practice is also closely related to the practice of [[geological engineering]], [[geotechnical engineering]], [[soils engineering]], [[environmental geology]] and [[economic geology]]. If there is a difference in the content of the disciplines described, it mainly lies in the training or experience of the practitioner.
| | Select a descriptive name for each new link. See [[Meta:Naming conventions|naming conventions]]. |
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| ==Scope of studies==
| | * [[Engineering geology]] |
| Engineering geologic studies may be performed:
| | * [http://wikademia.org/Special:Search?search=engineering+geology&fulltext=Search Search] |
| *for residential, commercial and industrial developments; | |
| *for governmental and [[military]] installations;
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| *for public works such as a [[power plant]], [[wind turbine]], [[transmission line]], [[sewage treatment]] plant, [[water treatment]] plant, [[Pipeline_transport|pipeline]] ([[aqueduct]], [[sanitary sewer|sewer]], [[outfall]]), [[tunnel]], [[trenchless]] construction, [[canal]], [[dam]], [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]], building, [[railroad]], [[transit]], [[highway]], [[bridge]], [[seismic retrofit]], [[airport]] and park; | |
| *for [[Mining|mine]] and [[quarry]] excavations, [[mine tailing dam]], [[mine reclamation]] and mine [[tunneling]];
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| *for [[wetland]] and [[habitat restoration]] programs;
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| *for [[coastal]] engineering, [[sand replenishment]], [[bluff]] or [[sea cliff]] stability, [[harbor]], [[pier]] and waterfront development;
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| *for offshore [[outfall]], [[drilling platform]] and [[sub-sea pipeline]], sub-sea cable; and
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| *for other types of facilities.
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| ==Geohazards and adverse geo-conditions== | | == Readings == |
| Typical geohazards or other adverse conditions evaluated by an [[engineering geologist]] include:
| | * [[About engineering geology]] |
| *[[Earthquake#Shaking and ground rupture|fault rupture]] on seismically active [[faults]] ;
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| *[[seismic]] and [[earthquake]] hazards (ground shaking, [[liquefaction]], [[lurching]],[[lateral spreading]], [[tsunami]] and [[seiche]] events);
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| *[[landslide]], [[mudflow]], [[rockfall]], [[debris flow]], and [[avalanche]] hazards ;
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| *[[unstable slopes]] and [[slope stability]];
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| *[[erosion]]; | |
| *[[slaking]] and [[heave]] of geologic formations;
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| *ground [[subsidence]] (such as due to [[ground water]] withdrawal, [[sinkhole]] collapse, [[cave]] collapse, decomposition of organic soils, and [[tectonic]] movement);
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| *[[volcanic]] hazards ([[volcanic eruption]]s, [[hot springs]], [[pyroclastic flows]], [[debris flow]], [[debris avalanche]], [[gas emissions]], volcanic [[earthquakes]]);
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| *[[non-rippable]] or [[marginally rippable]] rock requiring heavy ripping or [[blasting]];
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| *weak and collapsible soils;
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| *shallow ground water/seepage; and
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| *other types of geologic constraints.
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| An engineering geologist or [[geophysicist]] may be called upon to evaluate the [[excavatability]] (i.e. [[rippability]]) of earth (rock) materials to assess the need for pre-[[blasting]] during earthwork construction, as well as associated impacts due to [[oscillation|vibration]] during blasting on projects.
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| ==Methods and reporting==
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| The methods used by [[engineering geologist]]s in their studies include
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| *geologic field [[mapping]] of geologic structures, geologic formations, soil units and hazards;
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| *the review of geologic literature, geologic maps, geotechnical reports, engineering plans, environmental reports, stereoscopic [[aerial photograph]]s, remote sensing data, [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) data, topographic maps and [[satellite]] imagery;
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| *the excavation, sampling and logging of earth/rock materials in drilled borings, backhoe test pits and trenches, fault trenching, and bulldozer pits;
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| *[[geophysical]] surveys (such as [[seismic refraction]] traverses, [[resistivity]] surveys, [[ground penetrating radar]] (GPR) surveys, [[magnetometer]] surveys, [[electromagnetic]] surveys, high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, and other geophysical methods);
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| *[[Deformation_Monitoring|deformation monitoring]] as the systematic measurement and tracking of the alteration in the shape or dimensions of an object as a result of the application of stress to it manually or with an [[Automatic_Deformation_Monitoring_System|automatic deformation monitoring system]]; and
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| *other methods.
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| The field work is typically culminated in analysis of the data and the preparation of an engineering geologic report, geotechnical report, fault hazard or seismic hazard report, geophysical report, [[ground water]] resource report or [[hydrogeology|hydrogeologic]] report. The engineering geologic report is often prepared in conjunction with a geotechnical report, but commonly provide geotechnical analysis and design recommendations independent of a geotechnical report. An engineering geologic report describes the objectives, methodology, references cited, tests performed, findings and recommendations for development. Engineering geologists also provide geologic data on topograpic maps, aerial photographs, geologic maps, [[Geographic_information_system|Geographic Information System]] (GIS) maps, or other map bases.
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
| * [[Earthquake engineering]] | | * [[Engineering]] |
| * [[Geotechnics]]
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| * [[Geotechnical engineering]]
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| * [[Geotechnical investigation]]
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| * [[List of publications in geology#Engineering geology| Important publications in engineering geology]]
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| == References ==
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| * Bates and Jackson, 1980, Glossary of Geology: American Geological Institute.
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| * The Heritage of Engineering Geology: The First Hundred Years: GSA Centennial Special Volume 3, 1991
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| * Price, David George, ''Engineering Geology: Principles and Practice'', Springer, 2008 ISBN 3540292497
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| [[Category:Geology]]
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| [[Category:Geotechnical engineering]]
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| [[de:Ingenieurgeologie]] | | [[Category:Engineering geology|#]] |
| [[id:Geologi rekayasa]] | | [[Category:Departments]] |
| [[it:Geologia applicata]]
| | __NOTOC__ |
| [[lt:Inžinerinė geologija]]
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| [[no:Ingeniørgeologi]]
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| [[pl:Geologia inżynierska]]
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| [[pt:Geologia de engenharia]]
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| [[sk:Inžinierska geológia]]
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| [[sr:Инжењерска геологија]]
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| [[su:Géologi rékayasa]]
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| [[uk:Інженерна геологія]]
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| [[zh:工程地质学]]
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