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{{Short description| | {{Short description|Lady in Meitei folklore}} | ||
{{About|a character in [[Meitei folklore]]|the [[Meitei language]] lullaby|Tha Tha Thabungton{{!}}Thabungton|eponymous [[Meitei cinema|Meitei language film]] series|Thabaton (film series)}} | {{About|a character in [[Meitei folklore]]|the [[Meitei language]] lullaby|Tha Tha Thabungton{{!}}Thabungton|eponymous [[Meitei cinema|Meitei language film]] series|Thabaton (film series)}} | ||
{{About|a lady kidnapped by a [[Keibu Keioiba|tiger-man]]|the lady attacked by a tiger in [[Meitei folklore]]|Kumcha Lempi}} | {{About|a lady kidnapped by a [[Keibu Keioiba|tiger-man]]|the lady attacked by a tiger in [[Meitei folklore]]|Kumcha Lempi}} | ||
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| festivals = | | festivals = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Thabaton''', lovingly called as '''Thaba''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Moirangthem Kirti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Culture of Manipur |date=1993 |publisher=Manas Publications |isbn=978-81-7049-063-0 |page=14 |language=en |author-link=Moirangthem Kirti Singh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Regunathan |first=Sudhamahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfDNm96yCPIC&q=thabaton+lovingly+thaba&pg=PA49 |title=Folk Tales of the North-East |date=2005 |publisher=[[Children's Book Trust]] |isbn=978-81-7011-967-8 |page=49 |language=en |quote=She was called Thabaton and was the youngest sister of seven brothers who lovingly called her Thaba.}}</ref> | '''Thabaton''', lovingly called as '''Thaba''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Moirangthem Kirti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Culture of Manipur |date=1993 |publisher=Manas Publications |isbn=978-81-7049-063-0 |page=14 |language=en |author-link=Moirangthem Kirti Singh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Regunathan |first=Sudhamahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfDNm96yCPIC&q=thabaton+lovingly+thaba&pg=PA49 |title=Folk Tales of the North-East |date=2005 |publisher=[[Children's Book Trust]] |isbn=978-81-7011-967-8 |page=49 |language=en |quote=She was called Thabaton and was the youngest sister of seven brothers who lovingly called her Thaba.}}</ref> is a woman in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore|folklore]]. She has seven older brothers who take care of her at any cost. She is [[Bride kidnapping|kidnapped]] by [[Keibu Keioiba]], a tiger-headed man, while her brothers are absent. After being held captive by the beast for some time, she is rescued by her brothers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=PhD |first=Patricia Monaghan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj5OAwAAQBAJ&dq=thabaton&pg=PA127 |title=Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines |date=2014 |publisher=[[New World Library]] |isbn=978-1-60868-218-8 |page=127 |language=en |author-link=Patricia Monaghan}}</ref> | ||
The story of ''Thabaton and [[Keibu Keioiba]]'' is considered | The story of ''Thabaton and [[Keibu Keioiba]]'' is considered a classic example of Meitei folklore.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Meitei |first1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&dq=thabaton&pg=PA342 |title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur |last2=Chaudhuri |first2=Sarit K. |last3=Arunkumar |first3=M. C. |date=2020 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-000-29629-7 |page=342 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Legend == | == Legend == | ||
Thabaton ({{ | Thabaton ({{langx|mni|{{script|Mtei|ꯊꯕꯥꯇꯣꯟ}}}}) is the only daughter of her parents, after seven sons. She is the darling sister of her seven elder brothers. One day, all her brothers leave to a distant place for some time, and she is left alone at home.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Borgohain |first1=B. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc4iAAAAMAAJ&q=thabaton |title=Folk Tales of Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura & Mizoram |last2=Choudhury |first2=Pranab Chandra Roy |date=1975 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |page=59 |language=en |quote=There's a beautiful young girl named Thabaton . She is the only girl among eight children of their parents . All her seven brothers have left her locked inside the house and gone off to work and earn her dowry ...}}</ref> Before leaving, her brothers give her some [[Code word (figure of speech)|code words]], telling her she should only open the door when she hear the code words. An old woman at a neighboring house also hears the code words. | ||
One night after the brothers leave, [[Keibu Keioiba]] ({{langx|mni|{{script|Mtei|[[ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯏꯕ]]}}}}), the tiger headed man, enters into the house of the old woman to eat her. To save herself from being killed, the old lady tells Keibu Keioiba about the young, beautiful and lonely Thabaton. Now curious, Keibu Keioiba attempts to open the door of Thabaton's house. After a failed attempt, the old lady tells him the code words. He recites the words in front of the door, and Thabaton opens the door, thinking one of her brothers has returned. Keibu Keioiba abducts Thabaton, and she is held captive (in his den or [[cave]], depending on the version) in the middle of the thick forest. | |||
After some time ("months" or "years" according to different versions of the story), her brothers return home and find her missing. The old woman informs them of her abduction, and the brothers search for Thabaton. After finding her, Thabaton distracts the beast by giving him a bamboo pipe (bamboo container) ({{langx|mni|{{script|Mtei|ꯎꯇꯣꯡ}}}}) to fetch water from the stream. The bamboo pipe has holes on both sides, so Keibu Keioiba can never fully fill the bamboo pipe, thereby endlessly fetching water. After burning down Keibu Keioiba's home, Thabaton and her brothers flee.<ref name=":Bhattacharyya">{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharyya |first=Rituparna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DEZ1EAAAQBAJ&dq=thabaton&pg=PT190 |title=Northeast India Through the Ages: A Transdisciplinary Perspective on Prehistory, History, and Oral History |date=2022-07-29 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-62390-1 |page=190 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== Code words == | == Code words == | ||
| Line 82: | Line 86: | ||
== Way of abduction == | == Way of abduction == | ||
Thabaton's abduction by [[Keibu Keioiba]] varies by version. | |||
In most versions, Thabaton | In most versions, Thabaton is tricked by Keibu Keioiba, who recites the code words learned from the neighborhood old woman. Upon hearing the correctly said code words, she believes it is one of her brothers and opens the door.<ref name=":Bhattacharyya" /> | ||
In some versions, Keibu Keioiba | In some versions, Keibu Keioiba recites the code words correctly, but Thabaton recognizes by his voice that he is not one of her brothers. The old woman intervenes by asking Thabaton to lend her a needle, and persuades her to open the door a crack. Keibu Keioiba, hiding behind the old woman, springs out and forces the door open forcibly open.<ref name=":Beck">{{Cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Brenda E. F. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&q=Thabaton&pg=PA105 |title=Folktales of India |last2=Claus |first2=Peter J. |last3=Goswami |first3=Praphulladatta |last4=Handoo |first4=Jawaharlal |date=1999 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04083-7 |pages=101–106 |language=en |chapter=Thabaton (Manipur)}}</ref><ref name=":Adhikary">{{Cite book |last=Adhikary |first=Qiron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LajbAtQW9D8C&q=Thabaton&pg=PA50 |title=Feminist Folktales from India |date=2003 |publisher= Masalai Press|isbn=978-0-9714127-3-6 |pages=48–52 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Portrayal analysis == | == Portrayal analysis == | ||
Thabaton | Thabaton is described as a woman well known for "her chastity, beauty, loyalty, and obedience to her brothers". She is described as having grown up in a poor family who lived from hand to mouth.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Brenda E. F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&dq=thabaton&pg=PA104 |title=Folktales of India |last2=Claus |first2=Peter J. |last3=Goswami |first3=Praphulladatta |last4=Handoo |first4=Jawaharlal |date=1999 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04083-7 |page=104 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Thabaton | Thabaton is witty, using her wisdom while being abducted by [[Keibu Keioiba]]. To leave the tracks of her, she tore her clothes into small pieces and threw them on the way she was taken away so that her brothers could find her later on.<ref name=":Beck" /><ref name=":Adhikary" /><ref name=":Patricia" /> | ||
In some versions of the story, | In some versions of the story, Thabaton plans to kill Keibu Keioiba and the treacherous old woman. She tells Keibu Keioiba that she wants an old woman's skin. Keibu Keioiba, who dearly loves her, fulfills her wish by killing and skinning the old woman. Later, Thabaton gave Keibu Keioiba a hollow bamboo pipe (or bamboo pole) to fetch water. Keioiba Keioiba, unaware of the hollowness of the container, goes to fetch water in vain. During his absence, Thabaton and her brothers burn down the house of Keibu Keioiba, and put the woman's skin inside the house in such a way that it can be seen from outside. After realizing that the bamboo container is sabotaged, and after a crow tells him of the situation at home, Keibu Keioiba immediately returns home. Seeing the woman's skin burning inside the house, Keibu Keioiba assumes it to be Thabaton. He jumps in the house and dies in the fire.{{efn|The way [[Keibu Keioiba]] was killed in this version of the story is totally different from the general version of the story.}}<ref name=":Beck" /><ref name=":Adhikary" /><ref name=":Patricia" /> | ||
In the | In the ''Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines'' by [[Patricia Monaghan]], Thabaton is described as a [[sex slave]] of [[Keibu Keioiba]].<ref name=":Patricia">{{Cite book |last=Monaghan |first=Patricia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zHxlL8my-YC&dq=thabaton&pg=PA209 |title=Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines [2 volumes] |date=2009 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-0-313-34990-4 |page=209 |language=en |author-link=Patricia Monaghan}}</ref> | ||
== Moral == | == Moral == | ||
The story of Thabaton gives the [[moral]] that ''"Smart person won't open door to stranger."''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=MacDonald |first1=Margaret Read |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J33YAAAAMAAJ&q=thabaton |title=The Storyteller's Sourcebook: A Subject, Title, and Motif Index to Folklore Collections for Children, 1983-1999 |last2=Sturm |first2=Brian W. |date=2001 |publisher=[[Gale Group]] |isbn=978-0-8103-5485-2 |page=225 |language=en |quote=Smart person won't open door to stranger. Seven brothers leave sister (271.5.1). Thabaton, with warning not to open door until they return. With help of neigh- bor woman, who doesn't want to be eaten, tiger demon tricks Thabaton into opening door, carries her into ...}}</ref> | The story of Thabaton gives the [[moral]] that ''"Smart person won't open door to stranger."''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=MacDonald |first1=Margaret Read |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J33YAAAAMAAJ&q=thabaton |title=The Storyteller's Sourcebook: A Subject, Title, and Motif Index to Folklore Collections for Children, 1983-1999 |last2=Sturm |first2=Brian W. |date=2001 |publisher=[[Gale Group]] |isbn=978-0-8103-5485-2 |page=225 |language=en |quote=Smart person won't open door to stranger. Seven brothers leave sister (271.5.1). Thabaton, with warning not to open door until they return. With help of neigh- bor woman, who doesn't want to be eaten, tiger demon tricks Thabaton into opening door, carries her into ...}}</ref> | ||
== | == Depictions in popular culture == | ||
* Dr. Iram Babu Singh reproduced a [[Sound recording and reproduction|tape-recorded version]] of the story of "Thabaton" narrated by Tombi Devi, from Keinou village in [[Manipur]] in February 1980. The tale was later translated by Dr. Singh.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Brenda E. F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&dq=thabaton&pg=PA303 |title=Folktales of India |last2=Claus |first2=Peter J. |last3=Goswami |first3=Praphulladatta |last4=Handoo |first4=Jawaharlal |date=1999 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04083-7 |page=303 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
* In the play [[Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba]] ({{langx|mni|{{script|Mtei|[[ꯌꯥꯃꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯏꯕ]]}}}}), written and directed by Heisnam Tomba, under the production of the [[Kalakshetra Manipur]], the character of Thabaton (alias Thaba) was played by Thangjam Salini.<ref name="stagebuzz.in">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-16 |title=Heisnam Tomba's Play: Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba |url=https://stagebuzz.in/2020/02/16/heisnam-tombas-play-yamata-amasung-keibu-keioiba/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=StageBuzz |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
=== 2009 film adaption === | |||
{{Infobox character | {{Infobox character | ||
| name = Thabaton | | name = Thabaton | ||
| Line 140: | Line 148: | ||
| nationality = | | nationality = | ||
}} | }} | ||
In the 2009 | In the 2009 animated film [[Keibu Keioiba (film)|''Keibu Keioiba'']] ({{langx|mni|{{script|Mtei|ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯏꯕ}}}}), Thabaton's character was a challenge for the filmmakers. | ||
Her age was assumed to be between 16 and 20 years, and her eldest brother's age was assumed to be around 30. The animators found it difficult to create distinct designs that shared familial similarities for Thabaton and her brothers, all of whom were within a 10-14 year age span.<ref name=":part-ii">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Naorem Nishikanta |title=Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part II |url=https://manipurtimes.com/bhumenjoy-konsam-on-the-chemistry-of-making-keibu-kei-oiba-part-ii/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |newspaper=Manipur Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Naorem Nishikanta |title=Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part I |url=https://manipurtimes.com/bhumenjoy-konsam-on-the-chemistry-of-making-keibu-kei-oiba-part-i/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |newspaper=Manipur Times |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
The making of Thabaton's character was extremely time-consuming in comparison to others, because animator Bhumenjoy was not used to animating women. Observing from the photos of women, artist Bhumenjoy later attempted to draw Thabaton's image. While doing so, he used to remember hairstyles, eyes, height, dresses and everything about the female character. Later on, the innocent looks of lady Thabaton was finally created.<ref name=":part-ii" /> | |||
== Similar characters == | == Similar characters == | ||
| Line 157: | Line 160: | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* | * {{Annotated link|Lairembigee Eshei}} | ||
* | * {{Annotated link|Phouoibi Shayon}} | ||
* | * {{Annotated link|Phou-oibi, the Rice Goddess}} | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
| Line 172: | Line 175: | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
[[Category:Keibu Keioiba]] | [[Category:Keibu Keioiba]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Mythological kidnapped people]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:People in Meitei mythology]] | ||
[[Category:Mythological rape victims]] | [[Category:Mythological rape victims]] | ||
[[Category:Women in Meitei | [[Category:Women in Meitei mythology]] | ||
[[Category:Tigers in Meitei culture]] | [[Category:Tigers in Meitei culture]] | ||
Revision as of 16:51, 30 September 2026
Template:Short description Template:About Template:About Template:Contains special characters Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Template:Infobox deity Thabaton, lovingly called as Thaba,[1][2] is a woman in Meitei mythology and folklore. She has seven older brothers who take care of her at any cost. She is kidnapped by Keibu Keioiba, a tiger-headed man, while her brothers are absent. After being held captive by the beast for some time, she is rescued by her brothers.[3]
The story of Thabaton and Keibu Keioiba is considered a classic example of Meitei folklore.[4]
Legend
Thabaton (Template:Langx) is the only daughter of her parents, after seven sons. She is the darling sister of her seven elder brothers. One day, all her brothers leave to a distant place for some time, and she is left alone at home.[5] Before leaving, her brothers give her some code words, telling her she should only open the door when she hear the code words. An old woman at a neighboring house also hears the code words.
One night after the brothers leave, Keibu Keioiba (Template:Langx), the tiger headed man, enters into the house of the old woman to eat her. To save herself from being killed, the old lady tells Keibu Keioiba about the young, beautiful and lonely Thabaton. Now curious, Keibu Keioiba attempts to open the door of Thabaton's house. After a failed attempt, the old lady tells him the code words. He recites the words in front of the door, and Thabaton opens the door, thinking one of her brothers has returned. Keibu Keioiba abducts Thabaton, and she is held captive (in his den or cave, depending on the version) in the middle of the thick forest.
After some time ("months" or "years" according to different versions of the story), her brothers return home and find her missing. The old woman informs them of her abduction, and the brothers search for Thabaton. After finding her, Thabaton distracts the beast by giving him a bamboo pipe (bamboo container) (Template:Langx) to fetch water from the stream. The bamboo pipe has holes on both sides, so Keibu Keioiba can never fully fill the bamboo pipe, thereby endlessly fetching water. After burning down Keibu Keioiba's home, Thabaton and her brothers flee.[6]
Code words
The code words that was instructed to Thabaton by her brothers and later used by Keibu Keioiba to make her open the door is quoted as: Template:Blockquote English translation of the code words is as follows: Template:Blockquote
Way of abduction
Thabaton's abduction by Keibu Keioiba varies by version.
In most versions, Thabaton is tricked by Keibu Keioiba, who recites the code words learned from the neighborhood old woman. Upon hearing the correctly said code words, she believes it is one of her brothers and opens the door.[6]
In some versions, Keibu Keioiba recites the code words correctly, but Thabaton recognizes by his voice that he is not one of her brothers. The old woman intervenes by asking Thabaton to lend her a needle, and persuades her to open the door a crack. Keibu Keioiba, hiding behind the old woman, springs out and forces the door open forcibly open.[7][8]
Portrayal analysis
Thabaton is described as a woman well known for "her chastity, beauty, loyalty, and obedience to her brothers". She is described as having grown up in a poor family who lived from hand to mouth.[9]
Thabaton is witty, using her wisdom while being abducted by Keibu Keioiba. To leave the tracks of her, she tore her clothes into small pieces and threw them on the way she was taken away so that her brothers could find her later on.[7][8][10] In some versions of the story, Thabaton plans to kill Keibu Keioiba and the treacherous old woman. She tells Keibu Keioiba that she wants an old woman's skin. Keibu Keioiba, who dearly loves her, fulfills her wish by killing and skinning the old woman. Later, Thabaton gave Keibu Keioiba a hollow bamboo pipe (or bamboo pole) to fetch water. Keioiba Keioiba, unaware of the hollowness of the container, goes to fetch water in vain. During his absence, Thabaton and her brothers burn down the house of Keibu Keioiba, and put the woman's skin inside the house in such a way that it can be seen from outside. After realizing that the bamboo container is sabotaged, and after a crow tells him of the situation at home, Keibu Keioiba immediately returns home. Seeing the woman's skin burning inside the house, Keibu Keioiba assumes it to be Thabaton. He jumps in the house and dies in the fire.Template:Efn[7][8][10]
In the Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines by Patricia Monaghan, Thabaton is described as a sex slave of Keibu Keioiba.[10]
Moral
The story of Thabaton gives the moral that "Smart person won't open door to stranger."[11]
Depictions in popular culture
- Dr. Iram Babu Singh reproduced a tape-recorded version of the story of "Thabaton" narrated by Tombi Devi, from Keinou village in Manipur in February 1980. The tale was later translated by Dr. Singh.[12]
- In the play Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba (Template:Langx), written and directed by Heisnam Tomba, under the production of the Kalakshetra Manipur, the character of Thabaton (alias Thaba) was played by Thangjam Salini.[13]
2009 film adaption
Template:Infobox character In the 2009 animated film Keibu Keioiba (Template:Langx), Thabaton's character was a challenge for the filmmakers. Her age was assumed to be between 16 and 20 years, and her eldest brother's age was assumed to be around 30. The animators found it difficult to create distinct designs that shared familial similarities for Thabaton and her brothers, all of whom were within a 10-14 year age span.[14][15]
The making of Thabaton's character was extremely time-consuming in comparison to others, because animator Bhumenjoy was not used to animating women. Observing from the photos of women, artist Bhumenjoy later attempted to draw Thabaton's image. While doing so, he used to remember hairstyles, eyes, height, dresses and everything about the female character. Later on, the innocent looks of lady Thabaton was finally created.[14]
Similar characters
- Kushinada being rescued from the Yamata no Orochi[13]
- Belle, in association with the Beast, in the fairy tale "Beauty and the Beast"[16]
- Andromeda being rescued from the sea monster[citation needed]
- Sita being abducted by Ravana[17]
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1993) (in en). Folk Culture of Manipur. Manas Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7049-063-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ.
- ↑ Regunathan, Sudhamahi (2005) (in en). Folk Tales of the North-East. Children's Book Trust. p. 49. ISBN 978-81-7011-967-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=xfDNm96yCPIC&q=thabaton+lovingly+thaba&pg=PA49. "She was called Thabaton and was the youngest sister of seven brothers who lovingly called her Thaba."
- ↑ PhD, Patricia Monaghan (2014) (in en). Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines. New World Library. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-60868-218-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj5OAwAAQBAJ&dq=thabaton&pg=PA127.
- ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020) (in en). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 342. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&dq=thabaton&pg=PA342.
- ↑ Borgohain, B. K.; Choudhury, Pranab Chandra Roy (1975) (in en). Folk Tales of Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura & Mizoram. Sterling Publishers. p. 59. https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc4iAAAAMAAJ&q=thabaton. "There's a beautiful young girl named Thabaton . She is the only girl among eight children of their parents . All her seven brothers have left her locked inside the house and gone off to work and earn her dowry ..."
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bhattacharyya, Rituparna (2022-07-29) (in en). Northeast India Through the Ages: A Transdisciplinary Perspective on Prehistory, History, and Oral History. Taylor & Francis. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-000-62390-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=DEZ1EAAAQBAJ&dq=thabaton&pg=PT190.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999). "Thabaton (Manipur)" (in en). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. pp. 101–106. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Adhikary, Qiron (2003) (in en). Feminist Folktales from India. Masalai Press. pp. 48–52. ISBN 978-0-9714127-3-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=LajbAtQW9D8C&q=Thabaton&pg=PA50.
- ↑ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999) (in en). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&dq=thabaton&pg=PA104.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Monaghan, Patricia (2009) (in en). Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-313-34990-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=8zHxlL8my-YC&dq=thabaton&pg=PA209.
- ↑ MacDonald, Margaret Read; Sturm, Brian W. (2001) (in en). The Storyteller's Sourcebook: A Subject, Title, and Motif Index to Folklore Collections for Children, 1983-1999. Gale Group. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-8103-5485-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=J33YAAAAMAAJ&q=thabaton. "Smart person won't open door to stranger. Seven brothers leave sister (271.5.1). Thabaton, with warning not to open door until they return. With help of neigh- bor woman, who doesn't want to be eaten, tiger demon tricks Thabaton into opening door, carries her into ..."
- ↑ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999) (in en). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&dq=thabaton&pg=PA303.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Heisnam Tomba's Play: Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba" (in en-GB). 2020-02-16. https://stagebuzz.in/2020/02/16/heisnam-tombas-play-yamata-amasung-keibu-keioiba/.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Singh, Naorem Nishikanta. "Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part II" (in en-US). Manipur Times. https://manipurtimes.com/bhumenjoy-konsam-on-the-chemistry-of-making-keibu-kei-oiba-part-ii/.
- ↑ Singh, Naorem Nishikanta. "Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part I" (in en-US). Manipur Times. https://manipurtimes.com/bhumenjoy-konsam-on-the-chemistry-of-making-keibu-kei-oiba-part-i/.
- ↑ (in en) Seagull Theatre Quarterly. Seagull Foundation for the Arts. 1996. p. 29. https://books.google.com/books?id=WOwJAQAAMAAJ&q=thabaton.
- ↑ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999) (in en). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&dq=thabaton&pg=PA103.
External links
- Thabaton at Template:URL
- Oinam, Bhagat; Sadokpam, Dhiren A. (2018-05-11) (in en). Northeast India: A Reader. Taylor & Francis. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-429-95320-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&dq=thabaton&pg=PT227.