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{{Short description|Initiative by the government of India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox project
{{Infobox project
| country = India}}
| country = India}}
'''JAM (short for Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) trinity''' refers to the government of India initiative to link [[Jan Dhan]] accounts, mobile numbers and [[Aadhaar]] cards of Indians to facilitate direct benefit transfer and plug the leakages of government subsidies.
'''JAM (short for Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) trinity''' refers to the government of India initiative to link [[Jan Dhan]] accounts, mobile numbers and [[Aadhaar]] cards of Indians to plug the leakages of government subsidies.


==History==
==History==
The JAM trinity was proposed in the Economic Survey of 2014-15.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/PRmaclHkzL6fGJEUIVLo3H/India-has-started-linking-Jan-Dhan-scheme-Aadhaar-and-mobil.html |title=India has started linking Jan Dhan scheme, Aadhaar and mobile numbers: Arun Jaitley |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=2 April 2016 }}</ref>
The JAM trinity was proposed in the Economic Survey of 2014-15.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/PRmaclHkzL6fGJEUIVLo3H/India-has-started-linking-Jan-Dhan-scheme-Aadhaar-and-mobil.html |title=India has started linking Jan Dhan scheme, Aadhaar and mobile numbers: Arun Jaitley |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=2 April 2016 }}</ref>


==Jan Dhan Yojana==
==Jan Dhan Yojana==
Line 12: Line 13:
''Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana'' is India's ''National Mission for Financial Inclusion'' to ensure access to financial services, namely banking savings and deposit accounts, remittance, credit, insurance and pension in an affordable manner. This [[financial inclusion]] campaign was launched by the [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 28 August 2014.<ref name="pib-en-109113">{{citation | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=109113 | title=Prime Minister to Launch Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Tomorrow | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India | date=27 August 2014 }}</ref> He had announced this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15 August 2014.
''Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana'' is India's ''National Mission for Financial Inclusion'' to ensure access to financial services, namely banking savings and deposit accounts, remittance, credit, insurance and pension in an affordable manner. This [[financial inclusion]] campaign was launched by the [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 28 August 2014.<ref name="pib-en-109113">{{citation | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=109113 | title=Prime Minister to Launch Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Tomorrow | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India | date=27 August 2014 }}</ref> He had announced this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15 August 2014.


Run by [[Ministry of Finance (India)#Department of Financial Services|Department of Financial Services]], [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], on the inauguration day, 1.5 crore (15 million) bank accounts were opened under this scheme.<ref name="ET-28-aug-14">{{citation | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/pm-jan-dhan-yojana-launched-aims-to-open-1-5-crore-bank-accounts-on-first-day/articleshow/41093413.cms | title=PM 'Jan Dhan' Yojana launched; aims to open 1.5 crore bank accounts on first day | publisher=The Economic Times | date=28 August 2014 | author=ET Bureau}}</ref><ref name="Reuters-28-aug-14">{{cite web | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-modi-banks-idINKBN0GS1P320140828 | title=Modi: Banking for all to end "financial untouchability" | publisher=Reuters | date=28 August 2014 }}</ref> [[Guinness World Records]] recognises the achievements made under PMJDY, Guinness World Records Certificate says "The most bank accounts opened in 1 week as a part of financial inclusion campaign is 18,096,130 and was achieved by Banks in India from 23 to 29 August 2014". By 1 June 2016, over 22 crore (220 million) bank accounts were opened and ₹384.11 billion (US$5.7 billion) were deposited under the scheme.<ref name=pmjdy>{{citation |title=Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana |url=http://www.pmjdy.gov.in/account |work=pmjdy.gov.in |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121042804/http://pmjdy.gov.in/account |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Run by [[Ministry of Finance (India)#Department of Financial Services|Department of Financial Services]], [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], on the inauguration day, 1.5 crore (15 million) bank accounts were opened under this scheme.<ref name="ET-28-aug-14">{{citation | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/pm-jan-dhan-yojana-launched-aims-to-open-1-5-crore-bank-accounts-on-first-day/articleshow/41093413.cms | title=PM 'Jan Dhan' Yojana launched; aims to open 1.5 crore bank accounts on first day | publisher=The Economic Times | date=28 August 2014 | author=ET Bureau}}</ref><ref name="Reuters-28-aug-14">{{cite web | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-modi-banks-idINKBN0GS1P320140828 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110170747/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-modi-banks-idINKBN0GS1P320140828 | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 January 2016 | title=Modi: Banking for all to end "financial untouchability" | publisher=Reuters | date=28 August 2014 }}</ref> [[Guinness World Records]] recognises the achievements made under PMJDY, Guinness World Records Certificate says "The most bank accounts opened in 1 week as a part of financial inclusion campaign is 18,096,130 and was achieved by Banks in India from 23 to 29 August 2014". By 1 June 2016, over 22 crore (220 million) bank accounts were opened and ₹384.11 billion (US$5.7 billion) were deposited under the scheme.<ref name=pmjdy>{{citation |title=Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana |url=http://www.pmjdy.gov.in/account |work=pmjdy.gov.in |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121042804/http://pmjdy.gov.in/account |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Aadhaar==
==Aadhaar==
{{Main article|Aadhaar}}
{{Main article|Aadhaar}}


The [[Unique Identification Authority of India]] is a central government agency of [[India]].<ref name=July13Expenditure>{{cite news|title=Unique Identification project expenditure at Rs 3,062 crore as of July end|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-29/news/41582259_1_uid-project-uid-number-enrolment|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=29 August 2013}}</ref> Its objective is to collect the [[biometric]] and demographic data of residents, store them in a centralised database, and issue a 12-digit unique identity number called Aadhaar to each resident.<ref name="WhatIs?">{{cite news|title=Learning with the Times: What is Aadhaar?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Learning-with-the-Times-What-is-Aadhaar/articleshow/6680601.cms|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="administrative1">{{Cite journal|url = http://www.rmc.uitm.edu.my/images/stories/JAS/vol12-no1/1.pdf|title = India's Aadhaar Project: The Unprecedented and Unique Partnership for Inclusion|last = Chin|first = Roger|date = June 2015|journal = Journal of Administrative Science}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is considered the world's largest [[national identification number]] project.<ref name=InsideUIDAI>{{cite news|title=UIDAI: Inside the World's Largest Data Management Project|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/big-bet/uidai-inside-the-worlds-largest-data-management-project/19632/1|access-date=26 May 2015|work=[[Forbes]] (India)|date=29 November 2010}}</ref><ref name=LargestBioID>{{cite news|title=Aadhaar world's largest biometric ID system|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Aadhaar-worlds-largest-biometric-ID-system/articleshow/47063516.cms|access-date=31 May 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 April 2015}}</ref>
The [[Unique Identification Authority of India]] is a central government agency of [[India]].<ref name=July13Expenditure>{{cite news|title=Unique Identification project expenditure at Rs 3,062 crore as of July end|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-29/news/41582259_1_uid-project-uid-number-enrolment|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112132100/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-29/news/41582259_1_uid-project-uid-number-enrolment|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 November 2014|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=29 August 2013}}</ref> Its objective is to collect the [[biometric]] and demographic data of residents, store them in a centralised database, and issue a 12-digit unique identity number called Aadhaar to each resident.<ref name="WhatIs?">{{cite news|title=Learning with the Times: What is Aadhaar?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Learning-with-the-Times-What-is-Aadhaar/articleshow/6680601.cms|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="administrative1">{{Cite journal|url = http://www.rmc.uitm.edu.my/images/stories/JAS/vol12-no1/1.pdf|title = India's Aadhaar Project: The Unprecedented and Unique Partnership for Inclusion|last = Chin|first = Roger|date = June 2015|journal = Journal of Administrative Science}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is considered the world's largest [[national identification number]] project.<ref name=InsideUIDAI>{{cite news|title=UIDAI: Inside the World's Largest Data Management Project|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/big-bet/uidai-inside-the-worlds-largest-data-management-project/19632/1|access-date=26 May 2015|work=[[Forbes]] (India)|date=29 November 2010}}</ref><ref name=LargestBioID>{{cite news|title=Aadhaar world's largest biometric ID system|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Aadhaar-worlds-largest-biometric-ID-system/articleshow/47063516.cms|access-date=31 May 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 April 2015}}</ref>


{{As of|March 2016}}, the original legislation to back UIDAI is still pending in the [[Parliament of India]].<ref name=PRSNIA>{{cite web|title=National Identification Authority of India Bill, 2010|url=http://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-identification-authority-of-india-bill-2010-1196/|publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]] }}</ref> However, on 3 March 2016, a new [[Money bill#India|money bill]] was introduced in the Parliament for the purpose.<ref name="Tabled-BL">{{cite news|title=Aadhaar legislation tabled as a money Bill|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/new-aadhaar-bill-introduced-as-money-bill-in-lok-sabha/article8309587.ece|work=[[The Hindu Business Line]]|date=3 March 2016}}</ref> On 11 March 2016, the [[Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016]], was passed in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref name="PassedLokSabha-LM">{{cite news|title=Aadhaar bill passed in Lok Sabha|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/UgblAmPPHetk71sjQUqcvN/Aadhaar-bill-passed-in-Lok-Sabha-the-story-so-far.html|access-date=11 March 2016|work=[[Live Mint]]|date=11 March 2016}}</ref> On 26 March, 2016, The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of financial & Other Subsidies, Benefits & Services) Act, 2016 was notified in the Gazette of India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/2016/201618.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175154/http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/2016/201618.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{As of|March 2016}}, the original legislation to back UIDAI is still pending in the [[Parliament of India]].<ref name=PRSNIA>{{cite web|title=National Identification Authority of India Bill, 2010|url=https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-identification-authority-of-india-bill-2010-1196/|publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]] }}</ref> However, on 3 March 2016, a new [[Money bill#India|money bill]] was introduced in the Parliament for the purpose.<ref name="Tabled-BL">{{cite news|title=Aadhaar legislation tabled as a money Bill|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/new-aadhaar-bill-introduced-as-money-bill-in-lok-sabha/article8309587.ece|work=[[The Hindu Business Line]]|date=3 March 2016}}</ref> On 11 March 2016, the [[Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016]], was passed in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref name="PassedLokSabha-LM">{{cite news|title=Aadhaar bill passed in Lok Sabha|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/UgblAmPPHetk71sjQUqcvN/Aadhaar-bill-passed-in-Lok-Sabha-the-story-so-far.html|access-date=11 March 2016|work=[[Live Mint]]|date=11 March 2016}}</ref> On 26 March, 2016, The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of financial & Other Subsidies, Benefits & Services) Act, 2016 was notified in the Gazette of India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/2016/201618.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175154/http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/2016/201618.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Some [[civil liberty]] groups, like Citizens Forum for Civil Liberties and Indian Social Action Forum (INSAF), have opposed the project on privacy concerns.<ref name=UIDAssault>{{cite news|title=UID an assault on individual liberty: Activists|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/report/uid-an-assault-on-individual-liberty/20100906.htm|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[Rediff]]|date=6 September 2010}}</ref><ref name=Ignorance>{{cite news|title=AADHAR: Union Cabinet of Ignorance!|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/upa-a-cabinet-of-ignorance-on-aadhaar/20130131.htm|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[Rediff]]}}</ref><ref name=BigBrother>{{cite news|title=The Trouble With Big Brother's Eye|url=http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/?singlepage=1|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[Tehelka]]|date=31 August 2012|archive-date=22 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622114919/http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/?singlepage=1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nine-issues-to-debate-on-aadhaar-bill/article8341611.ece|title=Nine issues to debate on Aadhaar Bill|date=2016-03-11|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-06-28}}</ref>
Some [[civil liberty]] groups, like Citizens Forum for Civil Liberties and Indian Social Action Forum (INSAF), have opposed the project on privacy concerns.<ref name=UIDAssault>{{cite news|title=UID an assault on individual liberty: Activists|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/report/uid-an-assault-on-individual-liberty/20100906.htm|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[Rediff]]|date=6 September 2010}}</ref><ref name=Ignorance>{{cite news|title=AADHAR: Union Cabinet of Ignorance!|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/upa-a-cabinet-of-ignorance-on-aadhaar/20130131.htm|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[Rediff]]}}</ref><ref name=BigBrother>{{cite news|title=The Trouble With Big Brother's Eye|url=http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/?singlepage=1|access-date=29 May 2015|work=[[Tehelka]]|date=31 August 2012|archive-date=22 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622114919/http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/?singlepage=1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Nine-issues-to-debate-on-Aadhaar-Bill/article60514839.ece|title=Nine issues to debate on Aadhaar Bill|date=2016-03-11|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-06-28}}</ref>


On 23 September 2013, the [[Supreme Court of India]] issued an interim order saying that "no person should suffer for not getting Aadhaar" as the government cannot deny a service to a resident if s/he does not possess Aadhaar, as it is voluntary and not mandatory.<ref name=AadharCourtTie>{{cite news|title=Don't tie up benefits to Aadhaar, court tells Centre|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/dont-tie-up-benefits-to-aadhaar-court-tells-centre/article5162837.ece|access-date=27 May 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 September 2013}}</ref> In another interim order on 11 August 2015, the Supreme  Court of India ruled that "UIDAI/Aadhaar will not be used for any other purposes except [[Public distribution system|PDS]], kerosene and LPG distribution system" and made it clear that even for availing these facilities Aadhaar card will not be mandatory.<ref name=Aug11>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-supreme-court-rules-1206134|title=Aadhaar Card Not Mandatory, Supreme Court Rules|work=[[NDTV]]|date=11 August 2015|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Aug11Hindu>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/aadhaar-shall-remain-optional-supreme-court/article7525976.ece?homepage=true|title= Aadhaar shall remain optional: Supreme Court|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 August 2015|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=IBN11Aug>{{cite news|title=SC rules Aadhaar card not mandatory, says government cannot share any personal information|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/sc-rules-aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-says-government-cannot-share-any-personal-information-1038130.html|access-date=6 September 2015|work=[[IBNLive]]|date=11 August 2015}}</ref> However, in 2018 the top court upheld the country’s biometric identity system and also cleared mandatory Aadhaar enrolment of recipients of government welfare benefits, stating "Aadhaar card is however must for availing facilities of welfare schemes and government subsidies as it empowers the poor and marginalised."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff Writer|date=2018-09-26|title=What Supreme Court's Aadhaar verdict means for you: 10 points|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/cpSHu1fjQ1WvOP8vMi27aL/What-Supreme-Courts-Aadhaar-verdict-means-for-you-10-point.html|access-date=2022-02-07|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
On 23 September 2013, the [[Supreme Court of India]] issued an interim order saying that "no person should suffer for not getting Aadhaar" as the government cannot deny a service to a resident if s/he does not possess Aadhaar, as it is voluntary and not mandatory.<ref name=AadharCourtTie>{{cite news|title=Don't tie up benefits to Aadhaar, court tells Centre|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/dont-tie-up-benefits-to-aadhaar-court-tells-centre/article5162837.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306175616/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/dont-tie-up-benefits-to-aadhaar-court-tells-centre/article5162837.ece|url-status=live|archive-date=6 March 2014|access-date=27 May 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|date=24 September 2013}}</ref> In another interim order on 11 August 2015, the Supreme  Court of India ruled that "UIDAI/Aadhaar will not be used for any other purposes except [[Public distribution system|PDS]], kerosene and LPG distribution system" and made it clear that even for availing these facilities Aadhaar card will not be mandatory.<ref name=Aug11>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-supreme-court-rules-1206134|title=Aadhaar Card Not Mandatory, Supreme Court Rules|work=[[NDTV]]|date=11 August 2015|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Aug11Hindu>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Aadhaar-shall-remain-optional-Supreme-Court/article60330845.ece|title= Aadhaar shall remain optional: Supreme Court|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 August 2015|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=IBN11Aug>{{cite news|title=SC rules Aadhaar card not mandatory, says government cannot share any personal information|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/sc-rules-aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-says-government-cannot-share-any-personal-information-1038130.html|access-date=6 September 2015|work=[[IBNLive]]|date=11 August 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044059/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/sc-rules-aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-says-government-cannot-share-any-personal-information-1038130.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, in 2018 the top court upheld the country’s biometric identity system and also cleared mandatory Aadhaar enrolment of recipients of government welfare benefits, stating "Aadhaar card is however must for availing facilities of welfare schemes and government subsidies as it empowers the poor and marginalised."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff Writer|date=2018-09-26|title=What Supreme Court's Aadhaar verdict means for you: 10 points|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/cpSHu1fjQ1WvOP8vMi27aL/What-Supreme-Courts-Aadhaar-verdict-means-for-you-10-point.html|access-date=2022-02-07|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:51, 30 September 2026

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Template:Infobox project JAM (short for Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) trinity refers to the government of India initiative to link Jan Dhan accounts, mobile numbers and Aadhaar cards of Indians to plug the leakages of government subsidies.

History

The JAM trinity was proposed in the Economic Survey of 2014-15.[1]

Jan Dhan Yojana

Template:Main article Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana is India's National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely banking savings and deposit accounts, remittance, credit, insurance and pension in an affordable manner. This financial inclusion campaign was launched by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 28 August 2014.[2] He had announced this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15 August 2014.

Run by Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance, on the inauguration day, 1.5 crore (15 million) bank accounts were opened under this scheme.[3][4] Guinness World Records recognises the achievements made under PMJDY, Guinness World Records Certificate says "The most bank accounts opened in 1 week as a part of financial inclusion campaign is 18,096,130 and was achieved by Banks in India from 23 to 29 August 2014". By 1 June 2016, over 22 crore (220 million) bank accounts were opened and ₹384.11 billion (US$5.7 billion) were deposited under the scheme.[5]

Aadhaar

Template:Main article

The Unique Identification Authority of India is a central government agency of India.[6] Its objective is to collect the biometric and demographic data of residents, store them in a centralised database, and issue a 12-digit unique identity number called Aadhaar to each resident.[7][8] It is considered the world's largest national identification number project.[9][10]

Template:As of, the original legislation to back UIDAI is still pending in the Parliament of India.[11] However, on 3 March 2016, a new money bill was introduced in the Parliament for the purpose.[12] On 11 March 2016, the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016, was passed in the Lok Sabha.[13] On 26 March, 2016, The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of financial & Other Subsidies, Benefits & Services) Act, 2016 was notified in the Gazette of India.[14]

Some civil liberty groups, like Citizens Forum for Civil Liberties and Indian Social Action Forum (INSAF), have opposed the project on privacy concerns.[15][16][17][18]

On 23 September 2013, the Supreme Court of India issued an interim order saying that "no person should suffer for not getting Aadhaar" as the government cannot deny a service to a resident if s/he does not possess Aadhaar, as it is voluntary and not mandatory.[19] In another interim order on 11 August 2015, the Supreme Court of India ruled that "UIDAI/Aadhaar will not be used for any other purposes except PDS, kerosene and LPG distribution system" and made it clear that even for availing these facilities Aadhaar card will not be mandatory.[20][21][22] However, in 2018 the top court upheld the country’s biometric identity system and also cleared mandatory Aadhaar enrolment of recipients of government welfare benefits, stating "Aadhaar card is however must for availing facilities of welfare schemes and government subsidies as it empowers the poor and marginalised."[23]

References

  1. ↑ India has started linking Jan Dhan scheme, Aadhaar and mobile numbers: Arun Jaitley, 2 April 2016, https://www.livemint.com/Politics/PRmaclHkzL6fGJEUIVLo3H/India-has-started-linking-Jan-Dhan-scheme-Aadhaar-and-mobil.html 
  2. ↑ Prime Minister to Launch Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Tomorrow, Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India, 27 August 2014, http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=109113 
  3. ↑ ET Bureau (28 August 2014), PM 'Jan Dhan' Yojana launched; aims to open 1.5 crore bank accounts on first day, The Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/pm-jan-dhan-yojana-launched-aims-to-open-1-5-crore-bank-accounts-on-first-day/articleshow/41093413.cms 
  4. ↑ "Modi: Banking for all to end "financial untouchability"". Reuters. 28 August 2014. http://in.reuters.com/article/india-modi-banks-idINKBN0GS1P320140828. 
  5. ↑ Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana, http://www.pmjdy.gov.in/account, retrieved on 31 August 2016 
  6. ↑ "Unique Identification project expenditure at Rs 3,062 crore as of July end". The Economic Times. 29 August 2013. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-29/news/41582259_1_uid-project-uid-number-enrolment. 
  7. ↑ "Learning with the Times: What is Aadhaar?". The Times of India. 4 December 2010. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Learning-with-the-Times-What-is-Aadhaar/articleshow/6680601.cms. 
  8. ↑ Chin, Roger (June 2015). "India's Aadhaar Project: The Unprecedented and Unique Partnership for Inclusion". Journal of Administrative Science. http://www.rmc.uitm.edu.my/images/stories/JAS/vol12-no1/1.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "UIDAI: Inside the World's Largest Data Management Project". Forbes (India). 29 November 2010. http://forbesindia.com/article/big-bet/uidai-inside-the-worlds-largest-data-management-project/19632/1. 
  10. ↑ "Aadhaar world's largest biometric ID system". The Times of India. 27 April 2015. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Aadhaar-worlds-largest-biometric-ID-system/articleshow/47063516.cms. 
  11. ↑ "National Identification Authority of India Bill, 2010". PRS Legislative Research. https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-identification-authority-of-india-bill-2010-1196/. 
  12. ↑ "Aadhaar legislation tabled as a money Bill". The Hindu Business Line. 3 March 2016. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/new-aadhaar-bill-introduced-as-money-bill-in-lok-sabha/article8309587.ece. 
  13. ↑ "Aadhaar bill passed in Lok Sabha". Live Mint. 11 March 2016. https://www.livemint.com/Politics/UgblAmPPHetk71sjQUqcvN/Aadhaar-bill-passed-in-Lok-Sabha-the-story-so-far.html. 
  14. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/2016/201618.pdf. 
  15. ↑ "UID an assault on individual liberty: Activists". Rediff. 6 September 2010. https://www.rediff.com/money/report/uid-an-assault-on-individual-liberty/20100906.htm. 
  16. ↑ "AADHAR: Union Cabinet of Ignorance!". Rediff. https://www.rediff.com/news/report/upa-a-cabinet-of-ignorance-on-aadhaar/20130131.htm. 
  17. ↑ "The Trouble With Big Brother's Eye". Tehelka. 31 August 2012. http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/?singlepage=1. 
  18. ↑ "Nine issues to debate on Aadhaar Bill" (in en-IN). The Hindu. 2016-03-11. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Nine-issues-to-debate-on-Aadhaar-Bill/article60514839.ece. 
  19. ↑ "Don't tie up benefits to Aadhaar, court tells Centre". The Hindu. 24 September 2013. https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/dont-tie-up-benefits-to-aadhaar-court-tells-centre/article5162837.ece. 
  20. ↑ "Aadhaar Card Not Mandatory, Supreme Court Rules". NDTV. 11 August 2015. http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-supreme-court-rules-1206134. 
  21. ↑ "Aadhaar shall remain optional: Supreme Court". The Hindu. 11 August 2015. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Aadhaar-shall-remain-optional-Supreme-Court/article60330845.ece. 
  22. ↑ "SC rules Aadhaar card not mandatory, says government cannot share any personal information". IBNLive. 11 August 2015. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/sc-rules-aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-says-government-cannot-share-any-personal-information-1038130.html. 
  23. ↑ Staff Writer (2018-09-26). "What Supreme Court's Aadhaar verdict means for you: 10 points" (in en). https://www.livemint.com/Companies/cpSHu1fjQ1WvOP8vMi27aL/What-Supreme-Courts-Aadhaar-verdict-means-for-you-10-point.html. 

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