Archive:Anti-Slavic sentiment: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Slavic peoples}} | {{Short description|Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Slavic peoples}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} | ||
'''Anti-Slavic sentiment''', also called '''anti-Slavic racism''' or '''Slavophobia''', refers to different types of negative attitudes, [[Prejudice|prejudices]], [[Hatred|collective hatred or animosity]], [[Stereotype|stereotypes]], discrimination, and [[violence]] ([[Economic violence|economic]], [[Physical abuse|physical]], [[Political violence|political]], [[Psychological abuse|psychological]], [[Verbal abuse|verbal]], etc.) directed at one or more ethnic groups of [[Slavs|Slavic peoples]]. Accompanying [[racism]] and [[xenophobia]], the most common manifestation of anti-Slavic sentiment throughout history has been the assertion that some Slavs are [[Dehumanization|inferior to other peoples]]. | '''Anti-Slavic sentiment''', also called '''anti-Slavic racism''' or '''Slavophobia''', refers to different types of negative attitudes, [[Prejudice|prejudices]], [[Hatred|collective hatred or animosity]], [[Stereotype|stereotypes]], discrimination, and [[violence]] ([[Economic violence|economic]], [[Physical abuse|physical]], [[Political violence|political]], [[Psychological abuse|psychological]], [[Verbal abuse|verbal]], etc.) directed at one or more ethnic groups of [[Slavs|Slavic peoples]]. Accompanying [[racism]] and [[xenophobia]], the most common manifestation of anti-Slavic sentiment throughout history has been the assertion that some Slavs are [[Dehumanization|inferior to other peoples]]. | ||
Anti-Slavic sentiment reached its highest point during [[World War II]], when [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|its collaborators]] classified most of the Slavs, especially the [[Belarusians | Anti-Slavic sentiment reached its highest point during [[World War II]], when [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|its collaborators]] classified most of the Slavs, especially the [[Belarusians]], [[Polish people|Poles]], [[Russians]], [[Serbs]], and [[Ukrainians]], as "subhumans" ({{Transliteration|de|[[Untermensch|Untermenschen]]}}), murdering millions of them through the ''[[Generalplan Ost]]'' and [[Hunger Plan]].<ref name="Longerich">{{cite book | last = Longerich | first = Peter | title = Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-19-280436-5 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | page = 241}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ingrao |first=Christian |title=Intellectuals in the SS War Machine |publisher=Polity Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-7456-6027-1 |edition=English |location=65 Bridge Street, Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK |pages=127–130, 157 |translator-last=Brown |translator-first=Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fritz |first=Stephen G. |title=Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8131-3416-1 |pages=93-95, 253-260, 317}}</ref> | ||
Slavophobia also emerged twice in the [[United States]]. The first time was during the [[Progressive Era]], when immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]] were met with opposition from the dominant class of [[Western Europe|Western European]]–origin American citizens, who drew on a mix of [[Puritanism]], [[Anglo-Saxonism]], Teutonism, [[Social Darwinism]], and [[Eugenics]] to frame Eastern Europeans as racially inferior, culturally unassimilable, and a threat to national vitality; and again during the [[Cold War]], when the United States became locked in an intensive global rivalry with the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name=":2">Roucek, Joseph S. “The Image of the Slav in U.S. History and in Immigration Policy.” ''The American Journal of Economics and Sociology'', vol. 28, no. 1, 1969, pp. 29–48. ''JSTOR'', {{JSTOR|3485555}}. Accessed 6 Feb. 2024.</ref> | Slavophobia also emerged twice in the [[United States]]. The first time was during the [[Progressive Era]], when immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]] were met with opposition from the dominant class of [[Western Europe|Western European]]–origin American citizens, who drew on a mix of [[Puritanism]], [[Anglo-Saxonism]], Teutonism, [[Social Darwinism]], and [[Eugenics]] to frame Eastern Europeans as racially inferior, culturally unassimilable, and a threat to national vitality; and again during the [[Cold War]], when the United States became locked in an intensive global rivalry with the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name=":2">Roucek, Joseph S. “The Image of the Slav in U.S. History and in Immigration Policy.” ''The American Journal of Economics and Sociology'', vol. 28, no. 1, 1969, pp. 29–48. ''JSTOR'', {{JSTOR|3485555}}. Accessed 6 Feb. 2024.</ref> | ||
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As part of the ''Generalplan Ost'', Nazi Germany developed the [[Hunger Plan]], a forced starvation programme which involved the seizure of all of the food that was produced in Eastern European lands and the delivery of it to Germany, primarily to the German army. The full implementation of this plan would have ultimately resulted in the starvation and death of 20 to 30 million people (mainly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians). It is estimated that in accordance with this plan, over four million Soviet citizens were starved to death from 1941 to 1944.<ref>Snyder, Timothy (2010) ''Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin''. New York: Basic Books. p.411.</ref> The resettlement policy reached a much more advanced stage in [[German occupation of Poland|occupied Poland]] because of its immediate proximity to Germany.<ref name="bendersky"/> | As part of the ''Generalplan Ost'', Nazi Germany developed the [[Hunger Plan]], a forced starvation programme which involved the seizure of all of the food that was produced in Eastern European lands and the delivery of it to Germany, primarily to the German army. The full implementation of this plan would have ultimately resulted in the starvation and death of 20 to 30 million people (mainly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians). It is estimated that in accordance with this plan, over four million Soviet citizens were starved to death from 1941 to 1944.<ref>Snyder, Timothy (2010) ''Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin''. New York: Basic Books. p.411.</ref> The resettlement policy reached a much more advanced stage in [[German occupation of Poland|occupied Poland]] because of its immediate proximity to Germany.<ref name="bendersky"/> | ||
For strategic reasons, the Nazis deviated from some of their ideological theories by forging alliances with | For strategic reasons, the Nazis deviated from some of their ideological theories by forging alliances with the [[Independent State of Croatia]], the [[Slovak State]], and [[Bulgaria]]. Yugoslav general [[Milan Nedić]] would also lead Nazi Germany's [[Government of National Salvation|Serbian puppet government]].<ref name=othertarget>{{cite news|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/axis-invasion-of-yugoslavia#:~:text=The%20Germans%20and%20their%20Axis,or%20by%20joining%20the%20partisans.|title=Axis Invasion Of Yugoslavia|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|accessdate=November 7, 2022}}</ref> The Nazis officially justified these alliances by stating that the Croats were "more Germanic than Slav," a notion which was propagated by Croatia's leader [[Ante Pavelić]], who espoused the view that the "Croats were the descendants of the ancient [[Goths]]" who "had the [[Pan-Slavism|pan-Slavic idea]] forced upon them as something artificial".<ref>Rich, Norman (1974) ''Hitler's War Aims: the Establishment of the New Order''. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p.276-7.</ref><ref name="Weinberg">[[Adolf Hitler|Hitler, Adolf]] and Gerhard, Weinberg (2007). ''Hitler's Table Talk, 1941–1944: His Private Conversations''. Enigma Books. p.356. Quoting Hitler: "For example to label the Bulgarians as Slavs is pure nonsense; originally they were Turkomans."</ref><ref>Davies, Norman (2008) ''[[Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory]]''. Pan Macmillan. pp.167,209.</ref> Hitler also believed that the Bulgarians were "[[Turkmen people|Turkoman]]", while the Czechs and Slovaks were ''Mongolians'' in their origins.<ref name="Weinberg" /> After conquering Yugoslavia, attention was instead focused on targeting mainly the nation's Jewish and Roma (Gypsy) population.<ref name=othertarget /> | ||
=== Greece === | === Greece === | ||