Kharijite Rebellions (684–693): Difference between revisions
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{{infobox military conflict | |||
| conflict = Kharijite | | conflict = Kharijite Rebellions (684–693) | ||
| date | | date = 684–692 AD | ||
| | | location = Modern day [[Arabia]] | ||
| result | | result = Umayyad victory | ||
| combatant1 = [[Umayyad Caliphate]] | | combatant1 = [[Umayyad Caliphate]] | ||
| combatant2 = [[Najdat | | combatant2 = {{tree list/start}} | ||
| commander1 = [[ | *[[Kharijites]] | ||
| commander2 = [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]]{{Assassinated}} <br | **[[Najdat]] | ||
| casualties1 = Unknown | **[[Azariqa]] | ||
| casualties2 = Unknown | {{tree list/end}} | ||
| commander1 = [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]]<br>[[Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf]]<br>[[Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra]]<br>[[Sufyan ibn al-Abrad al-Kalbi|Sufyan ibn al-Abrad]] | |||
| commander2 = [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]]{{Assassinated}}<br>[[Nafi ibn al-Azraq]]{{KIA}}<br>[[Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani]]{{KIA}} | |||
| casualties1 = Unknown | |||
| casualties2 = Unknown | |||
}} | }} | ||
''' | The '''Kharijite Rebellions (684–693)''' were a series of uprisings that emerged during the [[Second Fitna]] in opposition to Umayyad rule. Led by [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]], the [[Najdat]] faction established control over the region of [[al-Yamama]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref>__TOC__ | ||
== The Rebellion == | == The Rebellion == | ||
By the | By the late 680s the Kharijites had expanded into [[Yemen (region)|Yemen]], consolidating power over much of [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], and threatening the [[Hejaz]] with raids.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
Internal fragmentations had split and weakened the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda, passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | |||
Internal | |||
The defeat had removed the group's political ability, and the group declined and subsequently lost all its members.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Umayyad world |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-69141-1 |editor-last=Marsham |editor-first=Andrew |series=Routledge worlds |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | |||
The defeat had removed the | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 16:47, 1 October 2026
Template:Infobox military conflict
The Kharijite Rebellions (684–693) were a series of uprisings that emerged during the Second Fitna in opposition to Umayyad rule. Led by Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi, the Najdat faction established control over the region of al-Yamama.[1][2]
The Rebellion
By the late 680s the Kharijites had expanded into Yemen, consolidating power over much of Arabia, and threatening the Hejaz with raids.[3][4]
Internal fragmentations had split and weakened the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda, passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.[5][6]
The defeat had removed the group's political ability, and the group declined and subsequently lost all its members.[7][8]
References
- ↑ Timani, Hussam S. (2008) (in en). Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-9701-3. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Ahmad, Muhammad Rasyidi; Kusnadi, Asep; Baharuddin, Baharuddin (2025-12-30). "Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era" (in en). International Journal of Social and Political Sciences 2 (3): 225–234. doi:. ISSN 3089-5936. https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149.
- ↑ Timani, Hussam S. (2008) (in en). Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-9701-3. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Marsham, Andrew, ed (2021). The Umayyad world. Routledge worlds. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-69141-1.
- ↑ Ahmad, Muhammad Rasyidi; Kusnadi, Asep; Baharuddin, Baharuddin (2025-12-30). "Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era" (in en). International Journal of Social and Political Sciences 2 (3): 225–234. doi:. ISSN 3089-5936. https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149.