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{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Distinguish|Pena (Meitei culture)}}


[[File:First page of the "Loiyumpa Silyel", a 12th century ancient Meitei language written constitution of ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur), enacted during the reign of Meitei King Loiyumpa (Loiyumba).jpg|thumb|The [[Loiyumpa Silyel]], an [[ancient Meitei language]] written constitution, is one of the earliest documents, that mention about the Pana system in [[Meitei civilization]]]]
[[File:KHUMAN KHAMBA WRESTLING WITH HIS OPPONENT.jpg|thumb|[[Khuman Khamba]] wrestling with [[Nongban]] as a part of competition between the representatives of two pana groups in [[Ancient Moirang]]]]
The territorial classification of the traditional Meitei administrative system of [[Kangleipak]] (erstwhile [[Manipur Kingdom]]) is organized into four primary divisions known as Panas. Each Pana comprises eight distinguished officials or dignitaries, assigned specific roles and responsibilities within their respective jurisdictions, which are properly documented in the [[Loiyumpa Silyel]] Constitution.<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11">Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11</ref><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466474|title=Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur|last=Manikchand Singh|first=konsam|date=2012}}</ref><ref name=":plamanipur.com">{{Cite web|date=2022-02-25|title=Historical evidence {{!}} Meeyamgi Ningtam Lanmee|url=https://plamanipur.com/historical-evidence/|access-date=2025-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Laipham Pana ==
The following eight officials are part of the Laipham Pana:
# Pukhranba
# Shanglen Lakpa
# Imangloi Hanjaba
# Lamleirakpa
# Leichon Lakpa
# Khun-Tonghalba
# Konsha Halba
# Hijaba Halba<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
== Ahalup Pana ==
The members of the Ahalup Pana include:
# Khwairakpa
# Hiyangloi Hanjaba
# Phamthakcha
# Yentren Hanba
# Okram Halba
# Iratlangba
# Sinai Halba
# Phisa Halba<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
== Khabam Pana ==
The officials belonging to the Khabam Pana are:
# Wangkheirakpa
# Nongthonba
# Shanglenlakpa
# Imingloi Hanjaba
# Umu Khulakpa
# Keikran Halba
# Khut Heiba
# Hanjaba (Thangsa Halba)<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
== Naharup Pana ==
The Naharup Pana is composed of the following eight:
# Yaishkhullakpa
# Aheiba Hanjaba
# Huiroi Hanjaba
# Chongkhalba Hanjaba
# Naikhurakpa
# Huitrol Halba
# Laiphakpa
# Nakpalakpa<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
== Functional titles and roles ==
These officials were traditionally categorized based on their affiliations and duties:
* Poireithou: Those associated with the country at large<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
* Khulphangthou: Those associated with specific villages<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
* Tayamthou: Individuals not in service to the crown<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
* Naiphangthou: Individuals in service to the crown<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
== Administrative posts ==
The thirty-two official posts (Hidangpham) are significant components of the traditional governance system.<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" /> These include:
# Pukhran Hidang
# Nongthol Hidang
# Khwai Hidang
# Wangkhei Hidang
# Yaishkhul Hidang<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
These are collectively referred to as Luplakpham.<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
== Elevation of ranks ==
Under the reign of Lainingthou Mungyamba, certain positions were elevated above the traditional Khullakphams.<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" /> These elevated titles include:
# Tenshu Halba
# Thangshu Halba
# Shilsu Halba<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
These distinctions underscore the hierarchical and territorial nature of governance within the traditional Meitei administrative structure.<ref name=":Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11" /><ref name=":Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur" /><ref name=":plamanipur.com" />
== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Asia|Civilization|History|India|Law|Politics}}
* [[Meitei royal etiquette]]
* [[Meitei intangible cultural heritage]]
* [[Ningthouja dynasty]]
* [[Ahom–Meitei relations]]
* [[Burmese–Meitei relations]]
* [[Meitei–Shan relations]]
* [[Meitei confederacy]]
* [[Meitei martial arts]]
* [[Meitei traditional weapons]]
* [[Meitei traditional games]]
* [[Meitei traditional toys]]
== References ==
{{Notelist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Administrative divisions of India]]
[[Category:Kangleipak]]

Latest revision as of 02:49, 2 October 2026

Template:Contains special characters Template:Distinguish

The Loiyumpa Silyel, an ancient Meitei language written constitution, is one of the earliest documents, that mention about the Pana system in Meitei civilization
Khuman Khamba wrestling with Nongban as a part of competition between the representatives of two pana groups in Ancient Moirang

The territorial classification of the traditional Meitei administrative system of Kangleipak (erstwhile Manipur Kingdom) is organized into four primary divisions known as Panas. Each Pana comprises eight distinguished officials or dignitaries, assigned specific roles and responsibilities within their respective jurisdictions, which are properly documented in the Loiyumpa Silyel Constitution.[1][2][3]

Laipham Pana

The following eight officials are part of the Laipham Pana:

  1. Pukhranba
  2. Shanglen Lakpa
  3. Imangloi Hanjaba
  4. Lamleirakpa
  5. Leichon Lakpa
  6. Khun-Tonghalba
  7. Konsha Halba
  8. Hijaba Halba[1][2][3]

Ahalup Pana

The members of the Ahalup Pana include:

  1. Khwairakpa
  2. Hiyangloi Hanjaba
  3. Phamthakcha
  4. Yentren Hanba
  5. Okram Halba
  6. Iratlangba
  7. Sinai Halba
  8. Phisa Halba[1][2][3]

Khabam Pana

The officials belonging to the Khabam Pana are:

  1. Wangkheirakpa
  2. Nongthonba
  3. Shanglenlakpa
  4. Imingloi Hanjaba
  5. Umu Khulakpa
  6. Keikran Halba
  7. Khut Heiba
  8. Hanjaba (Thangsa Halba)[1][2][3]

Naharup Pana

The Naharup Pana is composed of the following eight:

  1. Yaishkhullakpa
  2. Aheiba Hanjaba
  3. Huiroi Hanjaba
  4. Chongkhalba Hanjaba
  5. Naikhurakpa
  6. Huitrol Halba
  7. Laiphakpa
  8. Nakpalakpa[1][2][3]

Functional titles and roles

These officials were traditionally categorized based on their affiliations and duties:

  • Poireithou: Those associated with the country at large[1][2][3]
  • Khulphangthou: Those associated with specific villages[1][2][3]
  • Tayamthou: Individuals not in service to the crown[1][2][3]
  • Naiphangthou: Individuals in service to the crown[1][2][3]

Administrative posts

The thirty-two official posts (Hidangpham) are significant components of the traditional governance system.[1][2][3] These include:

  1. Pukhran Hidang
  2. Nongthol Hidang
  3. Khwai Hidang
  4. Wangkhei Hidang
  5. Yaishkhul Hidang[1][2][3]

These are collectively referred to as Luplakpham.[1][2][3]

Elevation of ranks

Under the reign of Lainingthou Mungyamba, certain positions were elevated above the traditional Khullakphams.[1][2][3] These elevated titles include:

  1. Tenshu Halba
  2. Thangshu Halba
  3. Shilsu Halba[1][2][3]

These distinctions underscore the hierarchical and territorial nature of governance within the traditional Meitei administrative structure.[1][2][3]

See also

Template:Portal bar

References

Template:Notelist

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993. p. 7–11
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Manikchand Singh, konsam (2012). Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466474. 
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 "Historical evidence | Meeyamgi Ningtam Lanmee" (in en-US). 2022-02-25. https://plamanipur.com/historical-evidence/. 

Template:Authority control

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