Japanese/Pronouns: Difference between revisions
more work |
wikademia>Wikademia m moved Japanese pronouns to Japanese/Pronouns |
||
| (11 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Pronouns in Japanese''' are mathematically laid out and easily comprehensible. They are made in relation to relative location in general. The base prefixes for relative location used in Japanese pronouns are: | |||
Pronouns in Japanese are mathematically laid out and easily comprehensible. They are made in relation to relative location in general. The base prefixes for relative location used in Japanese pronouns are: | |||
*Ko- here (closer to me than you) | *Ko- here (closer to me than you) | ||
*So- there (closer to you then me) | *So- there (closer to you then me) | ||
*A- over there (far from both of us) | *A- over there (far from both of us) | ||
{{?}} | |||
In order to actually make pronouns you will need a root word to tack this onto. They are as follows: | In order to actually make pronouns you will need a root word to tack this onto. They are as follows: | ||
==Location== | |||
is based on the root "-ko". If we wish to say the Japanese word for "here" we would say "koko". "There" is "soko", and "over there" is "asoko". The "asoko" word is the only real exception to the regular combination of the pronoun bits I know there to be in the construction of pronouns. In colloquial Japanese, you can also say "kochi," "sochi," and "achi." | is based on the root "-ko". If we wish to say the Japanese word for "here" we would say "koko". "There" is "soko", and "over there" is "asoko". The "asoko" word is the only real exception to the regular combination of the pronoun bits I know there to be in the construction of pronouns. In colloquial Japanese, you can also say "kochi," "sochi," and "achi." | ||
==Things== | |||
have the root "-re" or "-no". Thus, "this" is "kore", "that" is "sore", and "that over there" is "are". These words are used as subjects in a sentence only. The words "kono", "sono" and "ano" which mean the same respectively, are used as adjectives. The difference can be characterized by reading the following: | have the root "-re" or "-no". Thus, "this" is "kore", "that" is "sore", and "that over there" is "are". These words are used as subjects in a sentence only. The words "kono", "sono" and "ano" which mean the same respectively, are used as adjectives. The difference can be characterized by reading the following: | ||
| Line 17: | Line 16: | ||
*This dog is brown. (use as adjective for subject) | *This dog is brown. (use as adjective for subject) | ||
==People== | |||
are "-itsu", thus koitsu, soitsu and aitsu mean "this person", "that person", and "that person over there." These are not terms used in polite speech, but it is useful to see that the ko- so- a- structure carries over. Other forms of first, second and third person reference exist, and they are listed below: | are "-itsu", thus koitsu, soitsu and aitsu mean "this person", "that person", and "that person over there." These are not terms used in polite speech, but it is useful to see that the ko- so- a- structure carries over. Other forms of first, second and third person reference exist, and they are listed below: | ||
<table border=1> | <table border=1> | ||
| Line 33: | Line 32: | ||
Ore (reserved for men to use in friendly circumstances) | Ore (reserved for men to use in friendly circumstances) | ||
Jibun ("myself" | Jibun ("myself") | ||
Ware Ware ("us", very | Ware Ware ("us", very formal) | ||
<TR><TH>you<TD>Anata (standard) | <TR><TH>you<TD>Anata (standard) | ||
Anta (less formal, how a wife addresses her husband) | Anta (less formal, how a wife addresses her husband) | ||
Kimi (how you might address a | Kimi (how you might address a child or close friend) | ||
<TR><TH>he/she<TD>Kare/Kanojo | <TR><TH>he/she<TD>Kare/Kanojo | ||
</TABLE> | </TABLE> | ||
Plurals: In order to pluralize either "I" or "you", affix the suffix "-tachi". Saying "Watashi-tachi" means "we", "Anata-tachi" means "you guys". The words for "he" and "she" can be pluralized by adding "-ra". "Karera" is "those guys", "kanojora" is "those girls." | Plurals: In order to pluralize either "I" or "you", affix the suffix "-tachi". Saying "Watashi-tachi" means "we", "Anata-tachi" means "you guys". The words for "he" and "she" can be pluralized by adding "-ra". "Karera" is "those guys", "kanojora" is "those girls." | ||
==See also== | |||
* [[Japanese]] | |||
[[Category:Japanese]] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:56, 7 June 2009
Pronouns in Japanese are mathematically laid out and easily comprehensible. They are made in relation to relative location in general. The base prefixes for relative location used in Japanese pronouns are:
- Ko- here (closer to me than you)
- So- there (closer to you then me)
- A- over there (far from both of us)
? In order to actually make pronouns you will need a root word to tack this onto. They are as follows:
Location
is based on the root "-ko". If we wish to say the Japanese word for "here" we would say "koko". "There" is "soko", and "over there" is "asoko". The "asoko" word is the only real exception to the regular combination of the pronoun bits I know there to be in the construction of pronouns. In colloquial Japanese, you can also say "kochi," "sochi," and "achi."
Things
have the root "-re" or "-no". Thus, "this" is "kore", "that" is "sore", and "that over there" is "are". These words are used as subjects in a sentence only. The words "kono", "sono" and "ano" which mean the same respectively, are used as adjectives. The difference can be characterized by reading the following:
- This is a dog. (use as subject)
- This dog is brown. (use as adjective for subject)
People
are "-itsu", thus koitsu, soitsu and aitsu mean "this person", "that person", and "that person over there." These are not terms used in polite speech, but it is useful to see that the ko- so- a- structure carries over. Other forms of first, second and third person reference exist, and they are listed below:
| me or I | Watashi (standard)
Watakushi (humble) Boku (young boys and some men only) Atashi (women and girls only) Atakushi (women and girls only, but extra humble) Ore (reserved for men to use in friendly circumstances) Jibun ("myself") Ware Ware ("us", very formal) |
|---|---|
| you | Anata (standard)
Anta (less formal, how a wife addresses her husband) Kimi (how you might address a child or close friend) |
| he/she | Kare/Kanojo |
Plurals: In order to pluralize either "I" or "you", affix the suffix "-tachi". Saying "Watashi-tachi" means "we", "Anata-tachi" means "you guys". The words for "he" and "she" can be pluralized by adding "-ra". "Karera" is "those guys", "kanojora" is "those girls."