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The term, 'contraception' derives from the Latin 'contra', which means 'against', and the word '[[Conception_(biology)|conception]]', <ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/conception]'conception' in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.</br>
The term, 'contraception' derives from the Latin 'contra', which means 'against', and the word '[[Conception_(biology)|conception]]', <ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/conception] conception - definition of conception in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary</br>  
"an imprecise term denoting the formation of a viable zygote."</br>
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers.  2007</br>
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers.  2007 </br>
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008</br>
"The union of egg and sperm to form a fetus."</br>
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008 </br>
"1 the beginning of pregnancy, usually taken to be the instant that a spermatozoon enters an ovum and forms a viable zygote. 2 the act or process of fertilization."</br>
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009</br>
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009</br>
"n. The formation of a viable zygote by the union of a spermatozoon and an ovum; fertilization."</br>
The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004</br>
The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 </br>
 
</ref> which is the non-technical term for fertilization.
</ref> which is the non-technical term for fertilization.
<ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fertilization]
<ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fertilization] fertilization - definition of fertilization in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary</br>
'fertilization' in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007</br>
"impregnation; union of male and female gametes to form the diploid zygote, leading to development of a new individual." </br>
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright  2007, 2004</br>
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 </br>
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008</br>
"The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote, a process that begins with the penetration of the secondary oocyte by the spermatozoon and is completed with the fusion of the male and female pronuclei." </br>
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.  2009</br>
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright  2007, 2004 </br>
McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002</ref>
"The joining of the sperm and the egg; conception." </br>
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008 </br>
"the union of male and female gametes to form a zygote from which the embryo develops."  </br>
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.  2009 </br>
"in animal reproduction, the process by which the spermatozoon unites with the ovum. By this event, also called conception, the male and female gametes unite to form a single-celled zygote."  </br>
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed.  2007  </br>
"Reproduction medicine- Fusion of ovum and spermatozoon; The penetration of an egg by sperm, resulting in combined genetic material that develops into an embryo" </br>
McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 </ref>
'Contraception' may be used to refer merely to the prevention of fertilization, but it is more commonly used to refer to the means employed to avoid fertilization.  When referring to a means of prevention, it is synonymous with contraceptive [[birth control]].  Any procedure or device which would keep a sperm cell from fertilizing the egg, therefore, can be considered to be contraception.   
'Contraception' may be used to refer merely to the prevention of fertilization, but it is more commonly used to refer to the means employed to avoid fertilization.  When referring to a means of prevention, it is synonymous with contraceptive [[birth control]].  Any procedure or device which would keep a sperm cell from fertilizing the egg, therefore, can be considered to be contraception.   


==Contrasted with Other Birth Control==
==Contrasted with Other Birth Control==
Birth control can refer to anything which would prevent childbirth.  Methods of birth control can be classified by the stage of reproduction which is achieved before the process is brought to a halt.  If a form of birth control seeks to prevent the sperm from fertilizing the egg, then it is contraceptive<ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contraceptive]'contraceptive' in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.</br>
Birth control can refer to anything which would prevent childbirth.  Methods of birth control can be classified by the stage of reproduction which is achieved before the process is brought to a halt.  If a form of birth control seeks to prevent the sperm from fertilizing the egg, then it is contraceptive<ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contraceptive]contraceptive - definition of contraceptive in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary</br>  
"Obstetrics- adjective: Relating to contraception; noun: Any device or method for preventing fertilization, or a term product of conception" </br>
McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002</br>
McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 </br>
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers.  2007</br>
"1. diminishing the likelihood of or preventing conception. 2. an agent that so acts"</br>
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers.  2007 </br>
"n. A device, drug, or chemical agent that prevents conception."</br>
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004</br>
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004</br>
"any device or technique that prevents conception."</br>
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.  2009</br>
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.  2009.</br>
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007 </ref>.  If fertilization has already occurred, but the form of birth control seeks to prevent the implantation of the embryo into the uterine lining, then it is a contragestive. <ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contragestive]contragestive - definition of contragestive in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary</br>
"1. diminishing the likelihood of or preventing conception. 2. an agent that diminishes the likelihood of or prevents conception." </br>
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007  
 
 
</ref>.  If fertilization has already occurred, but the form of birth control seeks to prevent the implantation of the embryo into the uterine lining, then it is a contragestive. <ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contragestive]'contrgestive' in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.</br>
"adj. Capable of preventing gestation, either by preventing implantation or by causing the uterine lining to shed after implantation. n. A contragestive drug or agent."</br>
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004  
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004  
</ref>  Just as a contraception is the avoidance of conception, contragestion is the avoidance of gestation.  If implantation has already occurred, but the form of birth control seeks to end gestation by terminating the pregnancy prior to birth, then it is an abortion.
</ref>  Just as a contraception is the avoidance of conception, contragestion is the avoidance of gestation.  If implantation has already occurred, but the form of birth control seeks to end gestation by terminating the pregnancy prior to birth, then it is an abortion.
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* ''Abortion: implantation has occurred, but pregnancy is terminated before it comes to term
* ''Abortion: implantation has occurred, but pregnancy is terminated before it comes to term


Because the word, 'contragestive' is a medical term which is not in common usage, there is controversy about the classification of contragestive birth control.  Since both 'contraception' and 'abortion' are non-technical terms which are used in everyday speech, non-surgical birth control is usually divided into either 'contraceptives' or '[[abortifacients]]<ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/abortifacient] 'abortifacient' in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. </br> "Pharmacology- An agent that induces the expulsion of an embryo or fetus; a drug, herb other chemical that dilates of the cervix and causes the uterus to contract resulting in a spontaneous termination of pregnancy" </br>McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 </br>"1. causing abortion.
Because the word, 'contragestive' is a medical term which is not in common usage, there is controversy about the classification of contragestive birth control.  Since both 'contraception' and 'abortion' are non-technical terms which are used in everyday speech, non-surgical birth control is usually divided into either 'contraceptives' or '[[abortifacients]]<ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/abortifacient] 'abortifacient - definition of abortifacient in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary</br>
2. an agent that induces abortion."  </br>Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 </br>"1 causing abortion. 2 any agent that causes abortion." </br> Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.  2009, Elsevier.</ref>'. Those who contend that pregnancy does not begin until implantation say that since abortions are terminated pregnancies, contragestives cannot cause abortions and cannot be abortifacients.  They argue, therefore that contragestives are only a form of contraception.  On the other hand, those who contend that pregnancy begins at [[Conception_(biology)|conception]] argue that contragestives do terminate a pregnancy, and therefore are abortifacients.   
McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 </br>
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 </br>  
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.  2009</ref>'. Those who contend that pregnancy does not begin until implantation say that since abortions are terminated pregnancies, contragestives cannot cause abortions and cannot be abortifacients.  They argue, therefore that contragestives are only a form of contraception.  On the other hand, those who contend that pregnancy begins at [[Conception_(biology)|conception]] argue that contragestives do terminate a pregnancy, and therefore are abortifacients.   


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 17:35, 22 May 2009


The term, 'contraception' derives from the Latin 'contra', which means 'against', and the word 'conception', [1] which is the non-technical term for fertilization. [2] 'Contraception' may be used to refer merely to the prevention of fertilization, but it is more commonly used to refer to the means employed to avoid fertilization. When referring to a means of prevention, it is synonymous with contraceptive birth control. Any procedure or device which would keep a sperm cell from fertilizing the egg, therefore, can be considered to be contraception.

Contrasted with Other Birth Control

Birth control can refer to anything which would prevent childbirth. Methods of birth control can be classified by the stage of reproduction which is achieved before the process is brought to a halt. If a form of birth control seeks to prevent the sperm from fertilizing the egg, then it is contraceptive[3]. If fertilization has already occurred, but the form of birth control seeks to prevent the implantation of the embryo into the uterine lining, then it is a contragestive. [4] Just as a contraception is the avoidance of conception, contragestion is the avoidance of gestation. If implantation has already occurred, but the form of birth control seeks to end gestation by terminating the pregnancy prior to birth, then it is an abortion.

  • Contraception: contraceptives prevent the sperm from fertilizing the egg
  • Contragestion: contragestives prevent implantation after fertilization has occurred or by causing the uterine lining to shed after implantation.
  • Abortion: implantation has occurred, but pregnancy is terminated before it comes to term

Because the word, 'contragestive' is a medical term which is not in common usage, there is controversy about the classification of contragestive birth control. Since both 'contraception' and 'abortion' are non-technical terms which are used in everyday speech, non-surgical birth control is usually divided into either 'contraceptives' or 'abortifacients[5]'. Those who contend that pregnancy does not begin until implantation say that since abortions are terminated pregnancies, contragestives cannot cause abortions and cannot be abortifacients. They argue, therefore that contragestives are only a form of contraception. On the other hand, those who contend that pregnancy begins at conception argue that contragestives do terminate a pregnancy, and therefore are abortifacients.

See also

References

  1. ↑ [1] conception - definition of conception in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary
    Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
    Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008
    Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
    The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004
  2. ↑ [2] fertilization - definition of fertilization in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary
    Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
    The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004
    Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008
    Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
    McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002
  3. ↑ [3]contraceptive - definition of contraceptive in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary
    McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002
    Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
    The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004
    Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
    Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007
  4. ↑ [4]contragestive - definition of contragestive in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary
    The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004
  5. ↑ [5] 'abortifacient - definition of abortifacient in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary
    McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002
    Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
    Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
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