Immigrant entrepreneurship: Difference between revisions
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'''Immigrant entrepreneurship''' refers to the founding or ownership of businesses by individuals who have immigrated to a country other than their country of birth. Notable examples include Andrew Carnegie,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gould |first=Sam |title=Andrew Carnegie: Scottish Immigrant, Entrepreneur, Philanthropist |journal=University of Dayton Review |volume=23 |issue=3 |year=1995 |url=https://ecommons.udayton.edu/udr/vol23/iss3/5}}</ref> Alexander Graham Bell,<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/bell_alexander_graham.shtml |website=BBC History |publisher=BBC |access-date=21 March 2026}}</ref> and Elon Musk<ref>{{cite news |last=Sommerlad |first=Joe |title=Elon Musk, who arrived in the U.S. at age 31, is being questioned on his citizenship again. What to know |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/elon-musk-citizenship-us-south-africa-canada-b2693635.html |work=The Independent |date=6 February 2025 |access-date=21 March 2026}}</ref> in the United States; Paul Julius Reuter, who built his news agency in Britain; and James de Rothschild, the Frankfurt-born banker who founded the French branch of the Rothschild dynasty. | '''Immigrant entrepreneurship''' refers to the founding or ownership of businesses by individuals who have immigrated to a country other than their country of birth. Notable examples include [[Andrew Carnegie]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gould |first=Sam |title=Andrew Carnegie: Scottish Immigrant, Entrepreneur, Philanthropist |journal=University of Dayton Review |volume=23 |issue=3 |year=1995 |url=https://ecommons.udayton.edu/udr/vol23/iss3/5}}</ref> [[Alexander Graham Bell]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/bell_alexander_graham.shtml |website=BBC History |publisher=BBC |access-date=21 March 2026}}</ref> and [[Elon Musk]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Sommerlad |first=Joe |title=Elon Musk, who arrived in the U.S. at age 31, is being questioned on his citizenship again. What to know |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/elon-musk-citizenship-us-south-africa-canada-b2693635.html |work=The Independent |date=6 February 2025 |access-date=21 March 2026}}</ref> in the United States; [[Paul Julius Reuter]], who built his news agency in Britain; and [[James de Rothschild]], the Frankfurt-born banker who founded the French branch of the Rothschild dynasty. | ||
==Patterns and prevalence== | ==Patterns and prevalence== | ||
Revision as of 12:59, 21 March 2026
Template:User sandbox Immigrant entrepreneurship refers to the founding or ownership of businesses by individuals who have immigrated to a country other than their country of birth. Notable examples include Andrew Carnegie,[1] Alexander Graham Bell,[2] and Elon Musk[3] in the United States; Paul Julius Reuter, who built his news agency in Britain; and James de Rothschild, the Frankfurt-born banker who founded the French branch of the Rothschild dynasty.
Patterns and prevalence
Immigrants start businesses at higher rates than native-born populations in many developed countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. In the United States, the foreign-born share of business owners more than doubled between 1980 and 2010. [4]
Entrepreneurship by sector
Technology
Immigrant founders have played a prominent role in the technology industry. A disproportionate share of United States technology companies founded between 1995 and 2005 had at least one immigrant co-founder.[5]
Finance and banking
Immigrant entrepreneurs have historically been significant in banking and financial services, including the establishment of several major European banking dynasties in the 18th and 19th centuries.[6]
Academic perspectives
Scholars have identified self-employment as a common pathway for labor market integration among immigrants, though research suggests this is more economically effective for high-skilled immigrants than low-skilled ones.
Many developed countries have introduced special visa programs to attract immigrant entrepreneurs, though the effectiveness of such programs remains an active area of research.
- ↑ Gould, Sam (1995). "Andrew Carnegie: Scottish Immigrant, Entrepreneur, Philanthropist". University of Dayton Review 23 (3). https://ecommons.udayton.edu/udr/vol23/iss3/5.
- ↑ "Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922)". BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/bell_alexander_graham.shtml.
- ↑ Sommerlad, Joe (6 February 2025). "Elon Musk, who arrived in the U.S. at age 31, is being questioned on his citizenship again. What to know". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/elon-musk-citizenship-us-south-africa-canada-b2693635.html.
- ↑ Lofstrom, Magnus. [https://wol.iza.org/articles/immigrants-and-entrepreneurship/long "Immigrants and Entrepreneurship"]. IZA World of Labor. 2019.
- ↑
- ↑