Heartburn in pregnancy: Difference between revisions
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{{Redirect|Pregnancy-induced GERD|the disease in general|Gastroesophageal reflux disease}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Heartburn in pregnancy | |||
| synonyms = Indigestion in pregnancy, acid reflux in pregnancy<ref name=NHS2026/> | |||
| image = Heartburninpregnancy_by_hariadhi.svg | |||
| specialty = [[Family medicine]], [[obstetrics and gynecology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[heartburn|Burning in the chest or throat]]<ref name=BMJ2015/> | |||
| complications = [[esophagitis|Inflammation of the esophagus]], cough, [[asthma]]<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name=Dun2022/> | |||
| causes = Pressure from the baby, [[hormone]] changes<ref name=NHS2026/> | |||
| risks = Fatty or spicy food<ref name=Dun2022/> | |||
| diagnosis = Based on symptoms<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name=Dun2022/> | |||
| differential = [[Peptic ulcer disease]], [[achalasia]], [[preeclampsia]], [[liver disease in pregnancy]]<ref name=Dun2022/> | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = Small frequent meals, avoiding eating before sleeping, sleeping with head raised, reducing [[caffeine]]<ref name=NHS2026/><ref name=BMJ2015/> | |||
| medication = [[Antacids]], [[sucralfate]], [[H2 blockers]], [[proton pump inhibitors]]<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name=Dun2022/> | |||
| prognosis = Generally resolves after [[childbirth|delivery]]<ref name=Dun2022/> | |||
| frequency = 17 to 45%<ref name=BMJ2015/> | |||
}} | |||
<!-- Definition and symptoms --> | |||
'''Heartburn in pregnancy''' is a common physiological symptom of [[heartburn|burning in the esophagus or throat]] during [[pregnancy]].<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name=":0" /> There may also be associated [[regurgitation (digestion)|regurgitation]].<ref name="Dun2022">{{cite journal |last1=Dunbar |first1=K |last2=Yadlapati |first2=R |last3=Konda |first3=V |title=Heartburn, Nausea, and Vomiting During Pregnancy. |journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology |date=1 October 2022 |volume=117 |issue=10S |pages=10–15 |doi=10.14309/ajg.0000000000001958 |pmid=36194028 |pmc=10782592 }}</ref> It does not appear to affect pregnancy outcomes; however, it affects [[quality of life]] during pregnancy.<ref name="Dun2022" /> Complications may include [[esophagitis|inflammation of the esophagus]], cough, or [[asthma]].<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name="Dun2022" /> In those who are affected, it usually starts near the end of the first trimester or in the second trimester, becomes more frequent by the time of the third trimester, and resolves on its own soon after delivery.<ref name=":0">{{Cite Q |Q28277056}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Q |Q140536310 |page=258 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3iiEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA258}}</ref> | |||
<!-- Cause and diagnosis --> | |||
Risk factors may include fatty or spicy food.<ref name="Dun2022" /> The underlying mechanism involves the size of the baby as well as [[hormone]] changes.<ref name="NHS2026" /> This results in [[stomach acid]] entering the [[esophagus]].<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms; though it may rarely be supported by [[upper endoscopy]].<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name="Dun2022" /> [[Esophagitis]], on the other hand, is uncommon and usually occurs in those who had the disease before the pregnancy.<ref name=":0" /> The diagnosis of [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD) can be considered if heartburn is troublesome or has complications.<ref>{{Cite Q|Q140540930}}</ref> If a person had the disease before the pregnancy, heartburn can be considered an [[exacerbation]] of GERD.<ref name=":0"/> | |||
<!-- Treatment and epidemiology --> | |||
Initial efforts often include eating small frequent meals and avoiding eating before sleeping.<ref name=NHS2026/> Sleeping with the head raised and reducing [[caffeine]] may also be tried.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Antireflux medications can be potentially [[Teratogenicity|teratogenic]], so lifestyle modifications may be preferable in mild cases.<ref name=":0" /> Medications that may help include [[antacids]], [[sucralfate]], [[H2 blockers]], and [[proton pump inhibitors]].<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name=Dun2022/> Magnesium, aluminum, and calcium-containing antacids appear safe.<ref name=Dun2022/> Heartburn in pregnancy is common, particularly after 12 weeks of [[gestation]].<ref name=NHS2026>{{cite web |title=Indigestion and heartburn in pregnancy |url=https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/common-symptoms/indigestion-and-heartburn/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=9 July 2026 |language=en |date=3 December 2020 |archive-date=8 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260708102024/https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/common-symptoms/indigestion-and-heartburn/ |url-status=live }}</ref> About 17 to 45% of pregnancies are affected at some point.<ref name=BMJ2015>{{cite journal |last1=Vazquez |first1=JC |title=Heartburn in pregnancy. |journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence |date=8 September 2015 |volume=2015 |pmid=26348641 |pmc=4562453 }}</ref> | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Signs and symptoms of pregnancy]] | |||
* [[Physiological changes in pregnancy]] | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
[[Category:Health issues in pregnancy]] | [[Category:Health issues in pregnancy]] | ||
Revision as of 11:06, 20 September 2026
Template:Redirect Template:Infobox medical condition
Heartburn in pregnancy is a common physiological symptom of burning in the esophagus or throat during pregnancy.[1][2] There may also be associated regurgitation.[3] It does not appear to affect pregnancy outcomes; however, it affects quality of life during pregnancy.[3] Complications may include inflammation of the esophagus, cough, or asthma.[1][3] In those who are affected, it usually starts near the end of the first trimester or in the second trimester, becomes more frequent by the time of the third trimester, and resolves on its own soon after delivery.[2][4]
Risk factors may include fatty or spicy food.[3] The underlying mechanism involves the size of the baby as well as hormone changes.[5] This results in stomach acid entering the esophagus.[1] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms; though it may rarely be supported by upper endoscopy.[1][3] Esophagitis, on the other hand, is uncommon and usually occurs in those who had the disease before the pregnancy.[2] The diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be considered if heartburn is troublesome or has complications.[6] If a person had the disease before the pregnancy, heartburn can be considered an exacerbation of GERD.[2]
Initial efforts often include eating small frequent meals and avoiding eating before sleeping.[5] Sleeping with the head raised and reducing caffeine may also be tried.[1] Antireflux medications can be potentially teratogenic, so lifestyle modifications may be preferable in mild cases.[2] Medications that may help include antacids, sucralfate, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors.[1][3] Magnesium, aluminum, and calcium-containing antacids appear safe.[3] Heartburn in pregnancy is common, particularly after 12 weeks of gestation.[5] About 17 to 45% of pregnancies are affected at some point.[1]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Vazquez, JC (8 September 2015). "Heartburn in pregnancy.". BMJ Clinical Evidence 2015. PMID 26348641.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Template:Cite Q
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Dunbar, K; Yadlapati, R; Konda, V (1 October 2022). "Heartburn, Nausea, and Vomiting During Pregnancy.". The American Journal of Gastroenterology 117 (10S): 10–15. doi:. PMID 36194028.
- ↑ Template:Cite Q
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Indigestion and heartburn in pregnancy" (in en). 3 December 2020. https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/common-symptoms/indigestion-and-heartburn/.
- ↑ Template:Cite Q