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'''Spanish-Portuguese Jews''' are the oldest Jewish community in the [[United States]], having first arrived in the mid-17th century to the Dutch colony of [[New Amsterdam|New Netherland]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction: Origins of the American Jewish Community |url=https://jwa.org/article/introduction-origins-of-american-jewish-community |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Congregational History {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-history/congregational-history/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref>
'''Spanish-Portuguese Jews''' are the oldest Jewish community in the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction: Origins of the American Jewish Community |url=https://jwa.org/article/introduction-origins-of-american-jewish-community |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Congregational History {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-history/congregational-history/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref>
 
== Cultural identity ==
Despite the name, most Spanish-Portuguese in the United States do not speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]] nor [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], and any vestiges of either language remain only in the Hebrew pronunciation and traditional liturgy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shearith Israel, Oldest Synagogue Here, Rich with Hoary Memories |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/shearith-israel-oldest-synagogue-here-rich-with-hoary-memories |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> An example, [[Benjamin N. Cardozo|Benjamin Nathan Cardozo]], a notable Spanish-Portuguese lawyer and [[Masortim|traditionalist]], "confessed in 1937 that" after centuries in [[British North America]], "his family preserved neither the Spanish language nor Iberian cultural traditions".<ref>{{cite book |author=Aviva Ben-Ur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZQwMhgF8VkC&pg=PA86 |title=''Sephardic Jews in America: A Diasporic History'' |publisher=NYU Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8147-8632-1 |location=New York |page=86 |access-date=2016-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727093049/https://books.google.com/books?id=JZQwMhgF8VkC&pg=PA86 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> His ancestors had lived in [[England]], the British colonies, and the United States since the 17th century.


== History ==
== History ==

Revision as of 16:51, 20 May 2026

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Spanish-Portuguese Jews are the oldest Jewish community in the United States.[1][2]

Cultural identity

Despite the name, most Spanish-Portuguese in the United States do not speak Spanish nor Portuguese, and any vestiges of either language remain only in the Hebrew pronunciation and traditional liturgy.[3] An example, Benjamin Nathan Cardozo, a notable Spanish-Portuguese lawyer and traditionalist, "confessed in 1937 that" after centuries in British North America, "his family preserved neither the Spanish language nor Iberian cultural traditions".[4] His ancestors had lived in England, the British colonies, and the United States since the 17th century.

History

Template:Further The first Jews to arrive in North America were 23 Sephardim fleeing the Portuguese conquest of Dutch Brazil in 1654.[5][6]

Modern communities

Historical communities

Institutions and organizations

Notable individuals

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Introduction: Origins of the American Jewish Community" (in en). https://jwa.org/article/introduction-origins-of-american-jewish-community. 
  2. ↑ "Congregational History | Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue" (in en). 2022-05-19. https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-history/congregational-history/. 
  3. ↑ "Shearith Israel, Oldest Synagogue Here, Rich with Hoary Memories" (in en-US). https://www.jta.org/archive/shearith-israel-oldest-synagogue-here-rich-with-hoary-memories. 
  4. ↑ Aviva Ben-Ur (2009). Sephardic Jews in America: A Diasporic History. New York: NYU Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-8147-8632-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=JZQwMhgF8VkC&pg=PA86. Retrieved on 2016-02-19. 
  5. ↑ "Jews in Colonial New York" (in en). https://www.philipsemanorhall.com/blog/jews-in-colonial-new-york. 
  6. ↑ "The New York Historical" (in en). https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/new-yorks-first-jews-came-from-brazil. 
  7. ↑ "Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue (U.S. National Park Service)" (in en). https://www.nps.gov/places/kahal-kadosh-beth-elohim-synagogue.htm. 
  8. ↑ "Touro Synagogue" (in en-US). http://tourosynagogue.com/about-us/ourhistory/. 
  9. ↑ "History of CMI - Congregation Mickve Israel". https://www.mickveisrael.org/history-of-cmi.html. 
  10. ↑ "The Touro Synagogue - Newport, RI" (in en-US). 2025-05-28. https://www.thetourosynagogue.org/. 
  11. ↑ "Our Historic Synagogue" (in en-US). https://synagogue.vi/our-historic-synagogue/. 
  12. ↑ "History of JTS - Jewish Theological Seminary" (in en-US). 2015-09-29. https://www.jtsa.edu/history-of-jts/. 
  13. ↑ Levine, Dr Yitzchok (2013-09-11). "Reverend Henry Pereira Mendes: Orthodox Stalwart (Part I)" (in en-US). https://www.ou.org/life/community/reverend-henry-pereira-mendes-orthodox-stalwart-part/. 
  14. ↑ Markovitz, Eugene (1966). "Henry Pereira Mendes: Architect of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America". American Jewish Historical Quarterly 55 (3): 364–384. ISSN 0002-9068. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23875623. 
  15. ↑ "Fiftieth Anniversary of the "Hebra Hased Va Amet" Hebrew Benevolent Society." (in en-US). The New York Times. 1852-11-12. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1852/11/12/archives/fiftieth-anniversary-of-the-hebra-hased-va-amet-hebrew-benevolent.html. 
  16. ↑ "Gomez Mill House: An American Treasure". https://www.gomez.org/about.html. 
  17. ↑ Staff, ToI (2023-10-12). "Sgt. First Class Yosef Malachi Guedalia, 22: ‘A very gentle, sweet person’" (in en-US). The Times of Israel. ISSN 0040-7909. https://www.timesofisrael.com/sgt-first-class-yosef-malachi-guedalia-22-a-very-gentle-sweet-person/. 
  18. ↑ "RABBI SHALOM MORRIS" (in en-GB). https://www.sephardi.org.uk/about/rabbis/rabbi-shalom-morris/. 
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