Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host: Difference between revisions

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Hetman of Zaporizhian Host (Template:Lang-uk, Russian: Гетман Войска Запорожского, Template:Lang-pl) is a former historic government office and political institution of Cossack Hetmanate (Zaporizhian Host) in Ukraine that was equivalent to a head of state. The office was liquidated on the edict of Russian Governing Senate of 17 November 1764.^[1]

Brief history

As a head of state, the position was established by Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Cossack Hetmanate in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections, except for the first one, were adapted by the Senior Council in Chyhyryn which, until 1669, served as the capital of Hetmanate.

After the council in Pereyaslav of 1654, several senior cossacks sided with the Tsardom of Russia and, in 1663, they staged the "Black Council" (Chorna Rada) in Nizhyn which elected Ivan Briukhovetsky as an alternative hetman. Since the defeat of Petro Doroshenko in 1669, the Hetman title was adapted by pro-Russian elected hetmans who resided in Baturyn. In the course of the Great Northern War one of them, Ivan Mazepa, decided to revolt against Russian rule in 1708, which later drew terrible consequences for the Cossack Hetmanate as well as the Zaporizhian Host. The administration was moved to Hlukhiv where the Mazepa's doll was publicly executed and anathema was laid against him by the Russian Orthodox Church. Later in the late 18th century, it was successfully disbanded by the Russian government during the expansion of the Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.

In 1764, the Russian Empress Catherine the Great issued a secret instruction to Prince Vyazemsky who was Procurator General of the Governing Senate.^[2]^[3] Template:Quote box

List of office holders

The list includes only Hetmans who belonged to the Cossack Hetmanate. For a full list of all Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks, see Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks.

#	Hetman		Elected (event)	Took office	Left office
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 1		Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1596–1657) Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький	1648 (Sich)	26 January 1648	6 August 1657	Council of Pereyaslav, Moscow's military union with Hetmanate
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 2		Yurii Khmelnytsky (1641–1685) Юрій Хмельницький	death of his father	6 August 1657	27 August 1657
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 3		Ivan Vyhovsky (????–1664) Іван Виговський	1657 (Korsun)	27 August 1657 (confirmed: 21 October 1657)	11 September 1659	Attempt for reconciliation with Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthTemplate:Efn
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 4		Yurii Khmelnytsky (1641–1685) Юрій Хмельницький	1659 (Hermanivka)	11 September 1659 (confirmed: 11 September 1659)	October 1662	First vassalage to MuscovyTemplate:Efn, later agreed to autonomy within Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthTemplate:Efn
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 5		Pavlo Teteria (1620?–1670) Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський	1662 (Chyhyryn)	October 1662	July 1665
The period of ruin and civil war
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| (1)		Ivan Briukhovetsky (1623–1668) Іван Брюховецький	1663 (Nizhyn)	27 June 1663 (confirmed: 27 June 1663)	17 June 1668	pro-Muscovite faction, changed sides due to Truce of Andrusovo
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 6		Petro Doroshenko (1627–1698) Петро Дорошенко	1666 (Chyhyryn)	10 October 1665 (confirmed: January 1666)	19 September 1676	Union treaty with Ottomans Template:Efn
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| (2)		Demian Mnohohrishny (1631–1703) Дем'ян Многогрішний	1669 (Hlukhiv)	17 December 1668 (confirmed: 3 March 1669)	April 1672	pro-Muscovite faction
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 7 (3)	File:Ivan Samoylovych.png	Ivan Samoylovych (1630s–1690) Іван Самойлович	1672 (Cossack Grove)	17 June 1672	August 1687	pro-Muscovite faction
The period of ruin and civil war ended
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 8		Ivan Mazepa (1627–1698) Іван Мазепа	1687 (Kolomak)	4 August 1687	6 November 1708	"stripped" of a title, discredited
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 9		Ivan Skoropadsky (1646–1722) Іван Скоропадський	1708 (Hlukhiv)	6 November 1708	14 July 1722	died
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| X		Pavlo Polubotok (1660–1724) Павло Полуботок	appointed hetman	1722	1724	died in prison
Collegium of Little Russia (Stepan Velyaminov) 1722-1727
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 10		Danylo Apostol (1654–1734) Данило Апостол	1727 (Hlukhiv)	12 October 1727	29 March 1734	died
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| X		Yakiv Lyzohub (1675–1749) Яків Лизогуб	appointed hetman	1733	1749	died
Governing Council of the Hetman Office (Aleksei Shakhovskoy) 1734-1745
style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color"\| 11		Kyrylo Rozumovsky (1728–1803) Кирило Розумовський	1750 (Hlukhiv)	22 February 1750	17 November 1764	resigned
Collegium of Little Russia 1764-1786 (Pyotr Rumyantsev)

Some historians, including Mykola Arkas,^[4] question the legitimacy of the Teteria's elections, accusing the later in corruption.^[5] Some sources claim that the election of Teteria took place in January 1663.^[6] The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by greater unrest in the modern region of Kirovohrad Oblast, as well as Polesie (all in the Right-bank Ukraine).^[7] Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar–Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely on both banks of the Dnieper River.^[7] Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663 the Tsardom of Muscovy created the new Little Russian Office (Prikaz) within its Ambassadorial Office. Template:More

Vouched for by Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel, Yuriy Khmelnytsky was freed from Ottoman captivity and, along with Pasha Ibragim, was sent to Ukraine to fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681, Mehmed IV appointed George Ducas the Hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.

Following the anathema on Mazepa and the election of Ivan Skoropadsky, the Cossack Hetmanate was included in the Russian Government of Kiev in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the Hetman elections were disrupted and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely title, first to Moldavian noblemen and, later, to the Russian Empress' favorites.

On 5 April 1710, the council of cossacks, veterans of the battle at Poltava, elected Pylyp Orlyk as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a guerrilla war at the southern borders of the Russian Empire with support from the Ottoman and Swedish empires.

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

↑ Kyrylo Rozumovsky at the Jurist Encyclopedia
↑ Podobyed, O. Instructions of Catherine the Great to Senate. Handbook "History of Ukraine. 7-8 grades". Ranok Publishing House. Template:ISBN
↑ Soroka, Yu. Hetmanless period and the last Hetman of Ukraine.
↑ Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).
↑ Lohvyn, Yu. Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine. "Merry Alphabet".
↑ Pavlo Teteria. History of the Great Nation.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Horobets, V. Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s-1660s. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "Naukova Dumka", 2004.

External links

Shcherbak, V. Institution of Hetmans. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. "Naukova dumka". Kiev 2004
Hetman. Encyclopedia of Ukraine.

Template:Government institutions of the Cossack Hetmanate Template:Presidency of Ukraine

[1] Kyrylo Rozumovsky at the Jurist Encyclopedia

[2] Podobyed, O. Instructions of Catherine the Great to Senate. Handbook "History of Ukraine. 7-8 grades". Ranok Publishing House. Template:ISBN

[3] Soroka, Yu. Hetmanless period and the last Hetman of Ukraine.

[4] Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).

[5] Lohvyn, Yu. Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine. "Merry Alphabet".

[6] Pavlo Teteria. History of the Great Nation.

[civil_war-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Horobets, V. Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s-1660s. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "Naukova Dumka", 2004.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |imagecaption    = Last Hetman of Zaporizhian Host
 |style           =
-|residence       = [[Chyhyryn]] <small>(originally)</small><br>Hetman Residence, [[Baturyn]]
+|residence       = [[Chyhyryn]] <small>(originally)</small><br />Hetman Residence, [[Baturyn]]
 |appointer       = [[General Military Council (Cossack Hetmanate)|General Military Council]]
 |appointer_qualified =
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ==Brief history==
-As a head of state the position was established at first by [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] during the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections except for the first one were adapted by the Senior Council in [[Chyhyryn]] which until 1669 served the capital of Hetmanate.
+As a head of state, the position was established by [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] during the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections, except for the first one, were adapted by the Senior Council in [[Chyhyryn]] which, until 1669, served as the capital of Hetmanate.
-Since the council in Pereyaslav of 1654 several senior cossacks sided with the [[Tsardom of Russia]] and in 1663 they staged "Black Council" (Chorna Rada) in [[Nizhyn]] which elected Ivan Briukhovetsky as an alternative hetman. Since the defeat of [[Petro Doroshenko]] in 1669 the Hetman title was adapted by pro-Russian elected hetmans who resided in [[Baturyn]]. In the course of the [[Great Northern War]] one of them, [[Ivan Mazepa]], decided to revolt against Russian rule in 1708 which later drew terrible consequences for the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] as well as the [[Zaporizhian Host]]. The administration was moved to [[Hlukhiv]] where the Mazepa's doll was publicly executed and [[anathema]] was laid against him by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. Later in the late 18th century it was successfully disbanded by the Russian government during the expansion of the Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.
+After the council in Pereyaslav of 1654, several senior cossacks sided with the [[Tsardom of Russia]] and, in 1663, they staged the "Black Council" (''Chorna Rada'') in [[Nizhyn]] which elected Ivan Briukhovetsky as an alternative hetman. Since the defeat of [[Petro Doroshenko]] in 1669, the Hetman title was adapted by pro-Russian elected hetmans who resided in [[Baturyn]]. In the course of the [[Great Northern War]] one of them, [[Ivan Mazepa]], decided to revolt against Russian rule in 1708, which later drew terrible consequences for the Cossack Hetmanate as well as the [[Zaporizhian Host]]. The administration was moved to [[Hlukhiv]] where the Mazepa's doll was publicly executed and [[anathema]] was laid against him by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. Later in the late 18th century, it was successfully disbanded by the Russian government during the expansion of the Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.
-In 1764 the Russian Empress [[Catherine the Great]] issued a secret instruction to Prince [[Alexander Vyazemsky|Vyazemsky]] who was [[Procurator General (Russia)|Procurator General]] of the [[Governing Senate]].<ref>Podobyed, O. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RjQUfo_XWWwC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%86%D0%86+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83&source=bl&ots=L7WRUNV7yx&sig=BYaOgwjzSSOZPl0s0MLA0CEMGWA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rXg7VcTFGcGrgwSp74GoDQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%20%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%86%D0%86%20%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83&f=false Instructions of Catherine the Great to Senate]''. Handbook "History of Ukraine. 7-8 grades". Ranok Publishing House. {{ISBN|9789666724437}}</ref><ref>Soroka, Yu. ''[http://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/1021345/7/Soroka_-_Bezgetmannya_ta_ostanniy_getman_Ukraini.html Hetmanless period and the last Hetman of Ukraine]''.</ref>
+In 1764, the Russian Empress [[Catherine the Great]] issued a secret instruction to Prince [[Alexander Vyazemsky|Vyazemsky]] who was [[Procurator General (Russia)|Procurator General]] of the [[Governing Senate]].<ref>Podobyed, O. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RjQUfo_XWWwC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%86%D0%86+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83&source=bl&ots=L7WRUNV7yx&sig=BYaOgwjzSSOZPl0s0MLA0CEMGWA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rXg7VcTFGcGrgwSp74GoDQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%20%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%86%D0%86%20%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83&f=false Instructions of Catherine the Great to Senate]''. Handbook "History of Ukraine. 7-8 grades". Ranok Publishing House. {{ISBN|9789666724437}}</ref><ref>Soroka, Yu. ''[http://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/1021345/7/Soroka_-_Bezgetmannya_ta_ostanniy_getman_Ukraini.html Hetmanless period and the last Hetman of Ukraine]''.</ref>
 {{quote box
 | border=2px
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 ==List of office holders==
-The list includes Hetmans who belonged to the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] and do not include other random individuals. For full list of all Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks, see [[Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks]].
+The list includes only Hetmans who belonged to the Cossack Hetmanate. For a full list of all Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks, see [[Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks]].
 {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
 ! #
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 1
 | width="50px" | [[File:BChmielnicki.jpg|100px]]
-| '''[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]'''<br><small>(1596–1657)</small><br>Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
+| '''[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]'''<br /><small>(1596–1657)</small><br />Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
 | [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]] (Sich)
 | 26 January 1648
@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 2
 | width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
-| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''<br><small>(1641–1685)</small><br>Юрій Хмельницький
+| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''<br /><small>(1641–1685)</small><br />Юрій Хмельницький
 | death of his father
 | 6 August 1657
@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 3
 | width="50px"| [[File:Iwan Wyhowski.PNG|100px]]
-| '''[[Ivan Vyhovsky]]'''<br><small>(????–1664)</small><br>Іван Виговський
+| '''[[Ivan Vyhovsky]]'''<br /><small>(????–1664)</small><br />Іван Виговський
 | [[Cossack Council, 1657|1657]] (Korsun)
-| 27 August 1657<br><small>(confirmed: 21 October 1657)</small>
+| 27 August 1657<br /><small>(confirmed: 21 October 1657)</small>
 | 11 September 1659
-| Attempt for reconciliation with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth{{efn|Following Muscovite-Polish [[Truce of Vilna]] which withdrew the Moscow's military support for [[Cossack Hetmanate]], Vyhovsky signed of [[Treaty of Hadiach]] seeking a federative status as [[Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth]].}}
+| Attempt for reconciliation with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth{{efn|Following the Muscovite-Polish [[Truce of Vilna]], which withdrew Moscow's military support for the [[Cossack Hetmanate]], Vyhovsky signed the [[Treaty of Hadiach]] seeking a federative status as a [[Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth]].}}
 |-
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 4
 | width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
-| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''<br><small>(1641–1685)</small><br>Юрій Хмельницький
+| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''<br /><small>(1641–1685)</small><br />Юрій Хмельницький
 | [[Cossack Council, 1659|1659]] (Hermanivka)
-| 11 September 1659<br><small>(confirmed: 11 September 1659)</small>
+| 11 September 1659<br /><small>(confirmed: 11 September 1659)</small>
 | October 1662
-| First vassalage to Muscovy{{efn|Khmelnytsky was forced to sign the revised 1659 [[Pereyaslav Articles]] subjugating both state and church to Muscovy. It was not approved by the General Cossack Council.}}, later agreed to autonomy within Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth{{efn|In 1660 Khmelnytsky signed [[Treaty of Chudnov|Slobodyshche Pact]] with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which saw to get rid of the Moscow's control over the Hetmanate. The treaty was approved by the General Cossack Council in Korsun.}}
+| First vassalage to Muscovy{{efn|Khmelnytsky was forced to sign the revised 1659 [[Pereyaslav Articles]] subjugating both state and church to Muscovy. It was not approved by the General Cossack Council.}}, later agreed to autonomy within Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth{{efn|In 1660, Khmelnytsky signed the [[Treaty of Chudnov|Slobodyshche Pact]] with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which sought to get rid of Moscow's control over the Hetmanate. The treaty was approved by the General Cossack Council in Korsun.}}
 |-
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 5
 | width="50px" | [[File:Pavlo Teterya.jpg|100px]]
-| '''[[Pavlo Teteria]]'''<br><small>(1620?–1670)</small><br>Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський
+| '''[[Pavlo Teteria]]'''<br /><small>(1620?–1670)</small><br />Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський
 | [[Cossack Council, 1662|1662]] (Chyhyryn)
 | October 1662
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| (1)
 | width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Briukhovetsky.png|100px]]
-| '''[[Ivan Briukhovetsky]]'''<br><small>(1623–1668)</small><br>Іван Брюховецький
+| '''[[Ivan Briukhovetsky]]'''<br /><small>(1623–1668)</small><br />Іван Брюховецький
 | [[Chorna rada of 1663|1663]] (Nizhyn)
-| 27 June 1663<br><small>(confirmed: 27 June 1663)</small>
+| 27 June 1663<br /><small>(confirmed: 27 June 1663)</small>
 | 17 June 1668
 | pro-Muscovite faction, changed sides due to [[Truce of Andrusovo]]
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 6
 | width="50px" | [[File:Petro Doroshenko 19.jpg|100px]]
-| '''[[Petro Doroshenko]]'''<br><small>(1627–1698)</small><br>Петро Дорошенко
+| '''[[Petro Doroshenko]]'''<br /><small>(1627–1698)</small><br />Петро Дорошенко
 | [[Cossack Council, 1666|1666]] (Chyhyryn)
-| 10 October 1665<br><small>(confirmed: January 1666)</small>
+| 10 October 1665<br /><small>(confirmed: January 1666)</small>
 | 19 September 1676
-| Union treaty with [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]]{{efn|In 1669 Doroshenko signed Korsun treaty which provided Hetmanate with military support and protection for the Ukrainian Exarch.}}
+| Union treaty with [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]]{{efn|In 1669, Doroshenko signed the Korsun treaty which provided the Hetmanate with military support and protection for the Ukrainian Exarch.}}
 |-bgcolor=lightblue
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| (2)
 | width="50px"| [[File:Demian Mnohohrishny.png|100px]]
-| '''[[Demian Mnohohrishny]]'''<br><small>(1631–1703)</small><br>Дем'ян Многогрішний
+| '''[[Demian Mnohohrishny]]'''<br /><small>(1631–1703)</small><br />Дем'ян Многогрішний
 | 1669 (Hlukhiv)
-| 17 December 1668<br><small>(confirmed: 3 March 1669)</small>
+| 17 December 1668<br /><small>(confirmed: 3 March 1669)</small>
 | April 1672
 | pro-Muscovite faction
@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 7 (3)
 | width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Samoylovych.png|100px]]
-| '''[[Ivan Samoylovych]]'''<br><small>(1630s–1690)</small><br>Іван Самойлович
+| '''[[Ivan Samoylovych]]'''<br /><small>(1630s–1690)</small><br />Іван Самойлович
 | [[Officer Council, 1672|1672]] ([[Kozatske, Konotop Raion|Cossack Grove]])
 | 17 June 1672
@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 8
 | width="50px" | [[File:Portret Mazepa.jpg|100px]]
-| '''[[Ivan Mazepa]]'''<br><small>(1627–1698)</small><br>Іван Мазепа
+| '''[[Ivan Mazepa]]'''<br /><small>(1627–1698)</small><br />Іван Мазепа
 | [[Cossack Council, 1687|1687]] (Kolomak)
 | 4 August 1687
@@ Line 139: / Line 139: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 9
 | width="50px" | [[File:I.Skoropadsky.jpg|100px]]
-| '''[[Ivan Skoropadsky]]'''<br><small>(1646–1722)</small><br>Іван Скоропадський
+| '''[[Ivan Skoropadsky]]'''<br /><small>(1646–1722)</small><br />Іван Скоропадський
 | 1708 (Hlukhiv)
 | 6 November 1708
@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| X
 | width="50px" | [[File:Pavlo Polubotok1.JPG|100px]]
-| '''[[Pavlo Polubotok]]'''<br><small>(1660–1724)</small><br>Павло Полуботок
+| '''[[Pavlo Polubotok]]'''<br /><small>(1660–1724)</small><br />Павло Полуботок
 | appointed hetman
 | 1722
@@ Line 157: / Line 157: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 10
 | width="50px" | [[File:Danylo Apostol.png|100px]]
-| '''[[Danylo Apostol]]'''<br><small>(1654–1734)</small><br>Данило Апостол
+| '''[[Danylo Apostol]]'''<br /><small>(1654–1734)</small><br />Данило Апостол
 | 1727 (Hlukhiv)
 | 12 October 1727
@@ Line 165: / Line 165: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| X
 | width="50px" | <!-- [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]-->
-| '''[[Yakiv Lyzohub]]'''<br><small>(1675–1749)</small><br>Яків Лизогуб
+| '''[[Yakiv Lyzohub]]'''<br /><small>(1675–1749)</small><br />Яків Лизогуб
 | appointed hetman
 | 1733
@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 ! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 11
 | width="50px" | [[File:Kirill Razumovsky Tokke.jpg|100px]]
-| '''[[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]'''<br><small>(1728–1803)</small><br>Кирило Розумовський
+| '''[[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]'''<br /><small>(1728–1803)</small><br />Кирило Розумовський
 | 1750 (Hlukhiv)
 | 22 February 1750
@@ Line 184: / Line 184: @@
 |}
-Some historians among which is [[Mykola Arkas]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707192952/http://pidruchniki.ws/20080215/istoriya/pavlo_teterya_getman_pravoberezhnoyi_ukrayini Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine]. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).</ref> question legitimacy of the Teteria's elections accusing the later in corruption.<ref>Lohvyn, Yu. ''[http://abetka.ukrlife.org/logvin/l_teteria.htm Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine]''. "Merry Alphabet".</ref> Also some sources claim election of Teteria having taken place in January 1663.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140601013025/http://litopys.com.ua/encyclopedia/vidatn-storichn-postat-dobi-ru-ni/pavlo-teterya/ Pavlo Teteria]. History of the Great Nation.</ref> The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by bigger number of unrest in the modern region of [[Kirovohrad Oblast]] as well as [[Polesie]] (all in the [[Right-bank Ukraine]]).<ref name=civil_war/> Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar&ndash;Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely on both bank of [[Dnieper River]].<ref name=civil_war>Horobets, V. ''[http://history.org.ua/index.php?termin=Gromad_vijny_v_Ukr Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s-1660s]''. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "[[Naukova Dumka]]", 2004.</ref> Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663 the [[Tsardom of Muscovy]] created the new [[Little Russian Office]] ([[Prikaz]]) within its Ambassadorial Office.
+Some historians, including [[Mykola Arkas]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707192952/http://pidruchniki.ws/20080215/istoriya/pavlo_teterya_getman_pravoberezhnoyi_ukrayini Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine]. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).</ref> question the legitimacy of the Teteria's elections, accusing the later in corruption.<ref>Lohvyn, Yu. ''[http://abetka.ukrlife.org/logvin/l_teteria.htm Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine]''. "Merry Alphabet".</ref> Some sources claim that the election of Teteria took place in January 1663.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140601013025/http://litopys.com.ua/encyclopedia/vidatn-storichn-postat-dobi-ru-ni/pavlo-teterya/ Pavlo Teteria]. History of the Great Nation.</ref> The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by greater unrest in the modern region of [[Kirovohrad Oblast]], as well as [[Polesie]] (all in the [[Right-bank Ukraine]]).<ref name=civil_war/> Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar&ndash;Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely on both banks of the [[Dnieper River]].<ref name=civil_war>Horobets, V. ''[http://history.org.ua/index.php?termin=Gromad_vijny_v_Ukr Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s-1660s]''. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "[[Naukova Dumka]]", 2004.</ref> Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663 the [[Tsardom of Muscovy]] created the new [[Little Russian Office]] ([[Prikaz]]) within its Ambassadorial Office.
 {{more|The Ruin (Ukrainian history)}}
-Vouched by [[Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel]], [[Yuriy Khmelnytsky]] was freed from the Ottoman captivity, appointed and along with Pasha Ibragim was sent to Ukraine fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681 [[Mehmed IV]] appointed [[George Ducas]] the Hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.
+Vouched for by [[Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel]], [[Yuriy Khmelnytsky]] was freed from Ottoman captivity and, along with Pasha Ibragim, was sent to Ukraine to fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681, [[Mehmed IV]] appointed [[George Ducas]] the Hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.
-Following the [[anathema on Mazepa]] and the election of [[Ivan Skoropadsky]], [[Cossack Hetmanate]] was included into the Russian [[Kiev Governorate|Government of Kiev]] in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the Hetman elections were disrupted and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely titles, first to Moldavian nobleman and later to the Russian Empress favorite.
+Following the [[anathema on Mazepa]] and the election of [[Ivan Skoropadsky]], the Cossack Hetmanate was included in the Russian [[Kiev Governorate|Government of Kiev]] in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the Hetman elections were disrupted and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely title, first to Moldavian noblemen and, later, to the Russian Empress' favorites.
-On 5 April 1710 the council of cossacks, veterans of the battle at Poltava, elected [[Pylyp Orlyk]] as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a guerrilla warfare at the southern borders of the [[Russian Empire]] with the support from Ottoman and Swedish empires.
+On 5 April 1710, the council of cossacks, veterans of the battle at Poltava, elected [[Pylyp Orlyk]] as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla war]] at the southern borders of the [[Russian Empire]] with support from the Ottoman and Swedish empires.
 ==See also==
 * [[List of leaders of Ukraine]]
 * [[Hetmans of Zaporizhian Cossacks]]
-* [[Hetmans of Ukrainians Cossacks]]
 * [[Hetman of Ukraine]]