Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:09, 25 February 2023

Template:Short description Template:Infobox official post

The Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host (Template:Lang-uk, Template:Lang-la) was the head of state of the Cossack Hetmanate in what is now Ukraine. The office was disestablished by the Russian government in 1764.

Brief history

The position was established by Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Cossack Hetmanate in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections, except for the first one, took place in the Senior Council in Chyhyryn which, until 1669, served as the capital of the Hetmanate.

After the council in Pereyaslav of 1654, several senior cossacks sided with the Tsardom of Russia and, in 1663, they staged the "Black Council" (Chorna Rada) in Nizhyn which elected Ivan Briukhovetsky as an alternative hetman. Since the defeat of Petro Doroshenko in 1669, the title hetman was adapted by pro-Russian elected hetmans who resided in Baturyn. In the course of the Great Northern War one of them, Ivan Mazepa, decided to revolt against Russian rule in 1708, which later drew terrible consequences for the Cossack Hetmanate as well as the Zaporizhian Host. The administration was moved to Hlukhiv where Mazepa was publicly executed in effigy and declared anathema by the Russian Orthodox Church.

By an edict of the Russian Governing Senate of 17 November 1764,^[1] the office was disestablished in the course of the expansion of Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.

List of hetmans

The list includes only hetmans who belonged to the Cossack Hetmanate. For a full list of all Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks, see Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks.

#	Hetman		Life span	Elected (event)	Took office	Left office
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 1		Bohdan Khmelnytsky Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький	(1596–1657)	1648 (Sich)	26 January 1648	6 August 1657	Council of Pereyaslav, Moscow's military union with Hetmanate
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 2		Yurii Khmelnytsky Юрій Хмельницький	(1641–1685)	death of his father	6 August 1657	27 August 1657
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 3		Ivan Vyhovsky Іван Виговський	(?–1664)	1657 (Korsun)	21 October 1657	11 September 1659	Attempt for reconciliation with Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthTemplate:Efn
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 4		Yurii Khmelnytsky Юрій Хмельницький	(1641–1685)	1659 (Hermanivka)	11 September 1659	October 1662	First vassalage to Muscovy,Template:Efn later agreed to autonomy within Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthTemplate:Efn
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 5		Pavlo Teteria (1620?–1670) Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський		1662 (Chyhyryn)	October 1662	July 1665
The period of ruin and civil war
style="background:Template:Party color"\| (1)		Ivan Briukhovetsky (1623–1668) Іван Брюховецький		1663 (Nizhyn)	27 June 1663 (confirmed: 27 June 1663)	17 June 1668	pro-Muscovite faction, changed sides due to Truce of Andrusovo
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 6		Petro Doroshenko (1627–1698) Петро Дорошенко		1666 (Chyhyryn)	10 October 1665 (confirmed: January 1666)	19 September 1676	Union treaty with Ottomans Template:Efn
style="background:Template:Party color"\| (2)		Demian Mnohohrishny (1631–1703) Дем'ян Многогрішний		1669 (Hlukhiv)	17 December 1668 (confirmed: 3 March 1669)	April 1672	pro-Muscovite faction
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 7 (3)	File:Ivan Samoylovych.png	Ivan Samoylovych (1630s–1690) Іван Самойлович		1672 (Cossack Grove)	17 June 1672	August 1687	pro-Muscovite faction
The period of ruin and civil war ended
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 8		Ivan Mazepa (1639–1708) Іван Мазепа		1687 (Kolomak)	4 August 1687	6 November 1708	"stripped" of a title, discredited
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 9	File:Ivan Skoropadskij.jpg	Ivan Skoropadsky (1646–1722) Іван Скоропадський		1708 (Hlukhiv)	6 November 1708	14 July 1722	died
style="background:Template:Party color"\| X		Pavlo Polubotok (1660–1724) Павло Полуботок		appointed hetman	1722	1724	died in prison
Collegium of Little Russia (Stepan Velyaminov) 1722–1727
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 10		Danylo Apostol (1654–1734) Данило Апостол		1727 (Hlukhiv)	12 October 1727	29 March 1734	died
style="background:Template:Party color"\| X		Yakiv Lyzohub (1675–1749) Яків Лизогуб		appointed hetman	1733	1749	died
Governing Council of the Hetman Office (Aleksei Shakhovskoy) 1734–1745
style="background:Template:Party color"\| 11		Kyrylo Rozumovsky (1728–1803) Кирило Розумовський		1750 (Hlukhiv)	22 February 1750	17 November 1764	resigned
Collegium of Little Russia 1764–1786 (Pyotr Rumyantsev)

Notes

Template:More

Some historians, including Mykola Arkas,^[2] question the legitimacy of the Teteria's elections, accusing him of corruption.^[3] Some sources claim that the election of Teteria took place in January 1663.^[4] The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by greater

unrest in the modern region of Kirovohrad Oblast, as well as Polesie (all in the Right-bank Ukraine).^[5] Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar–Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely on both banks of the Dnieper River.^[5] Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663 the Tsardom of Muscovy created the new Little Russian Office (Prikaz) within its Ambassadorial Office.

Vouched for by Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel, Yuriy Khmelnytsky was freed from Ottoman captivity and, along with Pasha Ibragim, was sent to Ukraine to fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681, Mehmed IV appointed George Ducas hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.

Following the anathema on Mazepa and the election of Ivan Skoropadsky, the Cossack Hetmanate was included in the Russian Government of Kiev in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the elections oh hetmans were discontinued and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely title, first to Moldavian noblemen and, later, to the Russian Empress's favorites.

On 5 April 1710, the council of cossacks, veterans of the battle at Poltava, elected Pylyp Orlyk as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a guerrilla war at the southern borders of the Russian Empire with support from the Ottoman and Swedish empires.

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

↑ Kyrylo Rozumovsky at the Jurist Encyclopedia
↑ Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).
↑ Lohvyn, Yu. Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine. "Merry Alphabet".
↑ Pavlo Teteria. History of the Great Nation.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Horobets, V. Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s–1660s. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "Naukova Dumka", 2004.

External links

Shcherbak, V. Institution of Hetmans. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. "Naukova dumka". Kiev 2004
Hetman. Encyclopedia of Ukraine.

Template:Hetmans of Ukraine Template:Government institutions of the Cossack Hetmanate Template:Presidency of Ukraine

[1] Kyrylo Rozumovsky at the Jurist Encyclopedia

[2] Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).

[3] Lohvyn, Yu. Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine. "Merry Alphabet".

[4] Pavlo Teteria. History of the Great Nation.

[civil_war-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Horobets, V. Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s–1660s. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "Naukova Dumka", 2004.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 ==Brief history==
-[[File:Alex K Bohdan Chmelnickyi prapor.svg|thumb|left|150px|Flag of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Bohdan (Б) Khmelnytsky (Х), hetman (Г) of Host (В) of Zaporozhia (З) and of his (Е) king's (К) majesty (МЛС) of Rzecz Pospolita.]]
 The position was established by [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] during the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections, except for the first one, took place in the Senior Council in [[Chyhyryn]] which, until 1669, served as the capital of the Hetmanate.
@@ Line 37: / Line 36: @@
 {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
 ! #
-! colspan=2 | Hetman
+! colspan="3" | Hetman
+!Life span
 ! Elected (event)
 ! Took office
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 1
 | width="50px" | [[File:BChmielnicki.jpg|100px]]
-| '''[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]'''<br /><small>(1596–1657)</small><br />Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
+|[[File:Alex_K_Chmelnitskyi.svg|118x118px]]
-| [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]] (Sich)
+| '''[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]'''<br />Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
+|<small>(1596–1657)</small>
+|[[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]] (Sich)
 | 26 January 1648
 | 6 August 1657
@@ Line 53: / Line 55: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 2
 | width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
-| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''<br /><small>(1641–1685)</small><br />Юрій Хмельницький
+|[[File:Alex_K_Chmelnitskyi.svg|118x118px]]
+| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''<br />Юрій Хмельницький
+|<small>(1641–1685)</small>
 | death of his father
 | 6 August 1657
@@ Line 61: / Line 65: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 3
 | width="50px"| [[File:Iwan Wyhowski.PNG|100px]]
-| '''[[Ivan Vyhovsky]]'''<br /><small>(????–1664)</small><br />Іван Виговський
+|[[File:Alex_K_Ivan_Vygovskyi.svg|118x118px]]
-| [[Cossack Council, 1657|1657]] (Korsun)
+| '''[[Ivan Vyhovsky]]'''<br />Іван Виговський
-| 27 August 1657<br /><small>(confirmed: 21 October 1657)</small>
+|<small>(?–1664)</small>
+| 1657 (Korsun)
+|21 October 1657
 | 11 September 1659
 | Attempt for reconciliation with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth{{efn|Following the Muscovite-Polish [[Truce of Vilna]], which withdrew Moscow's military support for the [[Cossack Hetmanate]], Vyhovsky signed the [[Treaty of Hadiach]] seeking a federative status as a [[Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth]].}}
@@ Line 69: / Line 75: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 4
 | width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
-| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''<br /><small>(1641–1685)</small><br />Юрій Хмельницький
+|[[File:Alex_K_Chmelnitskyi.svg|118x118px]]
-| [[Cossack Council, 1659|1659]] (Hermanivka)
+| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''<br />Юрій Хмельницький
-| 11 September 1659<br /><small>(confirmed: 11 September 1659)</small>
+|<small>(1641–1685)</small>
+| 1659 (Hermanivka)
+| 11 September 1659
 | October 1662
 | First vassalage to Muscovy,{{efn|Khmelnytsky was forced to sign the revised 1659 [[Pereyaslav Articles]] subjugating both state and church to Muscovy. It was not approved by the General Cossack Council.}} later agreed to autonomy within Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth{{efn|In 1660, Khmelnytsky signed the [[Treaty of Chudnov|Slobodyshche Pact]] with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which sought to get rid of Moscow's control over the Hetmanate. The treaty was approved by the General Cossack Council in Korsun.}}
@@ Line 77: / Line 85: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 5
 | width="50px" | [[File:Pavlo Teterya.jpg|100px]]
+|
 | '''[[Pavlo Teteria]]'''<br /><small>(1620?–1670)</small><br />Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський
+|
 | [[Cossack Council, 1662|1662]] (Chyhyryn)
 | October 1662
@@ Line 83: / Line 93: @@
 |
 |- bgcolor=silver
-|colspan=7 align=center | [[The Ruin (Ukrainian history)|The period of ruin and civil war]]
+| colspan="9" align="center" | [[The Ruin (Ukrainian history)|The period of ruin and civil war]]
 |-bgcolor=lightblue
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| (1)
 | width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Briukhovetsky.png|100px]]
+|
 | '''[[Ivan Briukhovetsky]]'''<br /><small>(1623–1668)</small><br />Іван Брюховецький
+|
 | [[Chorna rada of 1663|1663]] (Nizhyn)
 | 27 June 1663<br /><small>(confirmed: 27 June 1663)</small>
@@ Line 95: / Line 107: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 6
 | width="50px" | [[File:Petro Doroshenko 19.jpg|100px]]
+|
 | '''[[Petro Doroshenko]]'''<br /><small>(1627–1698)</small><br />Петро Дорошенко
+|
 | [[Cossack Council, 1666|1666]] (Chyhyryn)
 | 10 October 1665<br /><small>(confirmed: January 1666)</small>
@@ Line 103: / Line 117: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| (2)
 | width="50px"| [[File:Demian Mnohohrishny.png|100px]]
+|
 | '''[[Demian Mnohohrishny]]'''<br /><small>(1631–1703)</small><br />Дем'ян Многогрішний
+|
 | 1669 (Hlukhiv)
 | 17 December 1668<br /><small>(confirmed: 3 March 1669)</small>
@@ Line 111: / Line 127: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 7 (3)
 | width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Samoylovych.png|100px]]
+|
 | '''[[Ivan Samoylovych]]'''<br /><small>(1630s–1690)</small><br />Іван Самойлович
+|
 | [[Officer Council, 1672|1672]] ([[Kozatske, Konotop Raion|Cossack Grove]])
 | 17 June 1672
@@ Line 117: / Line 135: @@
 | pro-Muscovite faction
 |- bgcolor=silver
-|colspan=7 align=center | [[The Ruin (Ukrainian history)|The period of ruin and civil war ended]]
+| colspan="9" align="center" | [[The Ruin (Ukrainian history)|The period of ruin and civil war ended]]
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 8
 | width="50px" | [[File:Історія України-Русі. 1912. Гетьман Іван Мазепа.jpg|155x155px]]
+|
 | '''[[Ivan Mazepa]]'''<br /><small>(1639–1708)</small><br />Іван Мазепа
+|
 | [[Cossack Council, 1687|1687]] (Kolomak)
 | 4 August 1687
@@ Line 129: / Line 149: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 9
 | width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Skoropadskij.jpg|112x112px]]
+|
 | '''[[Ivan Skoropadsky]]'''<br /><small>(1646–1722)</small><br />Іван Скоропадський
+|
 | 1708 (Hlukhiv)
 | 6 November 1708
@@ Line 137: / Line 159: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| X
 | width="50px" | [[File:Pavlo Polubotok1.JPG|100px]]
+|
 | '''[[Pavlo Polubotok]]'''<br /><small>(1660–1724)</small><br />Павло Полуботок
+|
 | appointed hetman
 | 1722
@@ Line 143: / Line 167: @@
 | died in prison
 |- bgcolor=grey
-| colspan="7"|[[Collegium of Little Russia (1722-27)|Collegium of Little Russia]] ([[Stepan Velyaminov]]) 1722–1727
+| colspan="9" |[[Collegium of Little Russia (1722-27)|Collegium of Little Russia]] ([[Stepan Velyaminov]]) 1722–1727
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 10
 | width="50px" | [[File:Danylo Apostol (Portrait, Sumy Art Museum).jpg|100px]]
+|
 | '''[[Danylo Apostol]]'''<br /><small>(1654–1734)</small><br />Данило Апостол
+|
 | 1727 (Hlukhiv)
 | 12 October 1727
@@ Line 155: / Line 181: @@
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| X
 | width="50px" | <!-- [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]-->
+|
 | '''[[Yakiv Lyzohub]]'''<br /><small>(1675–1749)</small><br />Яків Лизогуб
+|
 | appointed hetman
 | 1733
@@ Line 161: / Line 189: @@
 | died
 |- bgcolor=grey
-| colspan="7"|[[Governing Council of the Hetman Office]] ([[Aleksei Shakhovskoy]]) 1734–1745
+| colspan="9" |[[Governing Council of the Hetman Office]] ([[Aleksei Shakhovskoy]]) 1734–1745
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 11
 | width="50px" | [[File:Kirill Razumovsky Tokke.jpg|100px]]
+|
 | '''[[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]'''<br /><small>(1728–1803)</small><br />Кирило Розумовський
+|
 | 1750 (Hlukhiv)
 | 22 February 1750
@@ Line 171: / Line 201: @@
 | resigned
 |- bgcolor=grey
-| colspan="7"|Collegium of Little Russia 1764–1786 ([[Pyotr Rumyantsev]])
+| colspan="9" |Collegium of Little Russia 1764–1786 ([[Pyotr Rumyantsev]])
 |}
 === Notes ===
+[[File:Alex K Bohdan Chmelnickyi prapor.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Bohdan (Б) Khmelnytsky (Х), hetman (Г) of Host (В) of Zaporozhia (З) and of his (Е) king's (К) majesty (МЛС) of Rzecz Pospolita.]]
 {{more|The Ruin (Ukrainian history)}}
-Some historians, including [[Mykola Arkas]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707192952/http://pidruchniki.ws/20080215/istoriya/pavlo_teterya_getman_pravoberezhnoyi_ukrayini Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine]. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).</ref> question the legitimacy of the Teteria's elections, accusing him of corruption.<ref>Lohvyn, Yu. ''[http://abetka.ukrlife.org/logvin/l_teteria.htm Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine]''. "Merry Alphabet".</ref> Some sources claim that the election of Teteria took place in January 1663.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140601013025/http://litopys.com.ua/encyclopedia/vidatn-storichn-postat-dobi-ru-ni/pavlo-teterya/ Pavlo Teteria]. History of the Great Nation.</ref> The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by greater unrest in the modern region of [[Kirovohrad Oblast]], as well as [[Polesie]] (all in the [[Right-bank Ukraine]]).<ref name=civil_war/> Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar–Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely on both banks of the [[Dnieper River]].<ref name=civil_war>Horobets, V. ''[http://history.org.ua/index.php?termin=Gromad_vijny_v_Ukr Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s–1660s]''. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "[[Naukova Dumka]]", 2004.</ref> Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663 the [[Tsardom of Muscovy]] created the new [[Little Russian Office]] ([[Prikaz]]) within its Ambassadorial Office.
+Some historians, including [[Mykola Arkas]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707192952/http://pidruchniki.ws/20080215/istoriya/pavlo_teterya_getman_pravoberezhnoyi_ukrayini Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine]. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).</ref> question the legitimacy of the Teteria's elections, accusing him of corruption.<ref>Lohvyn, Yu. ''[http://abetka.ukrlife.org/logvin/l_teteria.htm Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine]''. "Merry Alphabet".</ref> Some sources claim that the election of Teteria took place in January 1663.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140601013025/http://litopys.com.ua/encyclopedia/vidatn-storichn-postat-dobi-ru-ni/pavlo-teterya/ Pavlo Teteria]. History of the Great Nation.</ref> The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by greater
+unrest in the modern region of [[Kirovohrad Oblast]], as well as [[Polesie]] (all in the [[Right-bank Ukraine]]).<ref name="civil_war" /> Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar–Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely on both banks of the [[Dnieper River]].<ref name="civil_war">Horobets, V. ''[http://history.org.ua/index.php?termin=Gromad_vijny_v_Ukr Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s–1660s]''. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "[[Naukova Dumka]]", 2004.</ref> Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663 the [[Tsardom of Muscovy]] created the new [[Little Russian Office]] ([[Prikaz]]) within its Ambassadorial Office.
 Vouched for by [[Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel]], [[Yuriy Khmelnytsky]] was freed from Ottoman captivity and, along with Pasha Ibragim, was sent to Ukraine to fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681, [[Mehmed IV]] appointed [[George Ducas]] hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.

Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host: Difference between revisions

wikipedia>Uwdwadafsainainawinfi

Revision as of 12:09, 25 February 2023

Brief history

List of hetmans

Notes

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links