Kharijite Rebellions (684–693): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Uprising by an Islamic sect}} | {{Short description|Uprising by an Islamic sect}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}{{infobox military conflict | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}{{infobox military conflict | ||
| conflict = Kharijite Rebellions (684–693) | | conflict = Kharijite Rebellions (684–693) | ||
| date = 684–692 AD | | date = 684–692 AD | ||
| place = Modern day [[Arabia]] | | place = Modern day [[Arabia]] | ||
| result = [[Umayyad]] victory | | result = [[Umayyad]] victory | ||
| combatant1 = [[Umayyad Caliphate]] | | combatant1 = [[Umayyad Caliphate]] | ||
| combatant2 = [[Najdat|Najdat Kharijites]] | | combatant2 = [[Najdat|Najdat Kharijites]] | ||
| commander1 = [[Mu'awiya II]]<br>[[Marwan I]]<br>[[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]] | | commander1 = [[Mu'awiya II]]<br>[[Marwan I]]<br>[[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]] | ||
| commander2 = [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]]{{Assassinated}} <br/> [[Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani]] {{KIA}} | | commander2 = [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]]{{Assassinated}} <br /> [[Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani]] {{KIA}} | ||
| casualties1 = Unknown | | casualties1 = Unknown | ||
| casualties2 = Unknown | | casualties2 = Unknown | ||
}} | }} | ||
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By the Late 680s the Kharijite sub-group had expanded into [[Yemen (region)|Yemen]], consolidating power over much of [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], and threatening the [[Hejaz]] through raids and control of routes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | By the Late 680s the Kharijite sub-group had expanded into [[Yemen (region)|Yemen]], consolidating power over much of [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], and threatening the [[Hejaz]] through raids and control of routes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
Internal Fragmentations had split and weakened the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda, passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | Internal Fragmentations had split and weakened the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda, passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
== Aftermath == | == Aftermath == | ||
Revision as of 13:43, 13 July 2026
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy datesTemplate:Infobox military conflict
The Kharijite Rebellions (684–693) were a series of uprisings that emerged during the Second Fitna in factional opposition to Umayyad rule. Led by Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi, the Najdat faction established control over the region of Al-Yamama.[1][2]
The Rebellion
By the Late 680s the Kharijite sub-group had expanded into Yemen, consolidating power over much of Arabia, and threatening the Hejaz through raids and control of routes.[3][4]
Internal Fragmentations had split and weakened the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda, passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.[5][6]
Aftermath
The defeat had removed the groups political ability, and the group declined and subsequently lost all its members.[7][8]
References
- ↑ Timani, Hussam S. (2008) (in en). Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-9701-3. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Ahmad, Muhammad Rasyidi; Kusnadi, Asep; Baharuddin, Baharuddin (2025-12-30). "Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era" (in en). International Journal of Social and Political Sciences 2 (3): 225–234. doi:. ISSN 3089-5936. https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149.
- ↑ Timani, Hussam S. (2008) (in en). Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-9701-3. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Marsham, Andrew, ed (2021). The Umayyad world. Routledge worlds. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-69141-1.
- ↑ Ahmad, Muhammad Rasyidi; Kusnadi, Asep; Baharuddin, Baharuddin (2025-12-30). "Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era" (in en). International Journal of Social and Political Sciences 2 (3): 225–234. doi:. ISSN 3089-5936. https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149.