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== Background==
== Background==
===Circassian Revolution===
In 1770, the free farmers of [[Abzakhs|Abzakh]] Circassians revolted against the aristocratic class. Captured princes were killed. Those who escaped took refuge in other Circassian tribes. All privileges held by the princes, who were aristocratic and noble class, were abolished by free farmers.<ref>Heidelberg University, South Asia Institute Professor of Policy E.M. Sarkisyan: ''"The French revolution was prepared and carried out by educated intellectuals. How did this [Circassian] people, who did not have universities, books and newspapers, come to this idea and realize this revolution?"''</ref> While many contemporary French nobles took refuge in Russia during the similar [[French Revolution|revolution in France]], some of the Circassian nobles took the same path and refuge in Russia.<ref>Vorlesungen von Prof. Dr. M. Sarkisyanz. SAI- Heidelberg . Trubetykoy, Nikolaj Sergejewitsch Fürst Erinnerungen an einen Aufenthalt bei den Tscherkessen des Kreises Tuapse. In: Caucasica, 1934, 11, S. 1-39</ref>
In 1770, the free farmers of [[Abzakhs|Abzakh]] Circassians revolted against the aristocratic class. Captured princes were killed. Those who escaped took refuge in other Circassian tribes. All privileges held by the princes, who were aristocratic and noble class, were abolished by free farmers.<ref>Heidelberg University, South Asia Institute Professor of Policy E.M. Sarkisyan: ''"The French revolution was prepared and carried out by educated intellectuals. How did this [Circassian] people, who did not have universities, books and newspapers, come to this idea and realize this revolution?"''</ref> While many contemporary French nobles took refuge in Russia during the similar [[French Revolution|revolution in France]], some of the Circassian nobles took the same path and refuge in Russia.<ref>Vorlesungen von Prof. Dr. M. Sarkisyanz. SAI- Heidelberg . Trubetykoy, Nikolaj Sergejewitsch Fürst Erinnerungen an einen Aufenthalt bei den Tscherkessen des Kreises Tuapse. In: Caucasica, 1934, 11, S. 1-39</ref>


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The Bzhedug tribe helped the exiled princes which further escalated conflicts.<ref>{{cite book|author=Под ред. Е. М. Жукова|url=|title=Советская историческая энциклопедия. — М.: Советская энциклопедия|date=|publisher=|isbn=|edition=|series=|volume=|location=|page=|pages=|at=|chapter="бзиюкская битва"|format=|orig-year=|chapter-url=|agency=}}</ref> The newly established revolutionary states of Abdzakh and Shapsug attacked the Bzhedug in order to kill their former nobility.<ref>Бзиюкская битва // Военная энциклопедия: [в 18 т.] / под ред. В. Ф. Новицкого ... [и др.]. — <abbr>СПб.</abbr> ; [<abbr>М.</abbr>] : Тип. т-ва И. Д. Сытина, 1911—1915.</ref>
The Bzhedug tribe helped the exiled princes which further escalated conflicts.<ref>{{cite book|author=Под ред. Е. М. Жукова|url=|title=Советская историческая энциклопедия. — М.: Советская энциклопедия|date=|publisher=|isbn=|edition=|series=|volume=|location=|page=|pages=|at=|chapter="бзиюкская битва"|format=|orig-year=|chapter-url=|agency=}}</ref> The newly established revolutionary states of Abdzakh and Shapsug attacked the Bzhedug in order to kill their former nobility.<ref>Бзиюкская битва // Военная энциклопедия: [в 18 т.] / под ред. В. Ф. Новицкого ... [и др.]. — <abbr>СПб.</abbr> ; [<abbr>М.</abbr>] : Тип. т-ва И. Д. Сытина, 1911—1915.</ref>
Even though Tughuzhuqo was a noble, he still supported the revolution.


=== Bziyuk Battle ===  
=== Bziyuk Battle ===  

Revision as of 15:38, 5 March 2025

Template:AfC submission Template:Short description Template:Infobox military conflict

Background

Circassian Revolution

In 1770, the free farmers of Abzakh Circassians revolted against the aristocratic class. Captured princes were killed. Those who escaped took refuge in other Circassian tribes. All privileges held by the princes, who were aristocratic and noble class, were abolished by free farmers.[1] While many contemporary French nobles took refuge in Russia during the similar revolution in France, some of the Circassian nobles took the same path and refuge in Russia.[2]

In July 14, 1791 the Natukhaj commoners peacefully took power from the aristocrats, declaring a republic.[3] A similar attempt among the Shapsugs led to a civil war which the commons won in 1803. Famous Circassian writer and historian Amjad Jaimoukha says that from 1770 to 1790 there was a class war among the Abadzeks that resulted in the extermination of the princes and the banishment of most of the nobility.[4] The three west-central "democratic" tribes, Natukhaj, Shapsugs and Abedzeks, who formed the majority of the Circassians, managed their affairs through assemblies with only informal powers. Sefer Bey Zanuqo, the three Naibs of Shamil and the British adventurers all tried to organize the Circassians – with limited success.[5]

The Bzhedug tribe helped the exiled princes which further escalated conflicts.[6] The newly established revolutionary states of Abdzakh and Shapsug attacked the Bzhedug in order to kill their former nobility.[7]

Even though Tughuzhuqo was a noble, he still supported the revolution.

Bziyuk Battle

Prior to the battle, the Sheretlukov princes were expelled by the Shapsug peasants due to their attempt to impose serfdom-like obligations. Seeking support, the princes aligned themselves with Bzhedug nobles and landlords, which led to the escalation of the conflict.[8]

The battle took place on the Nedzhyd (Negid) glade, a dry ravine in the Bziyuk River Valley. Initially, the Shapsug peasants gained the upper hand. However, the course of the battle changed when Black Sea Cossacks forces, equipped with artillery, joined the nobles. Their intervention turned the tide, leading to the defeat of the peasant forces.[9]

Despite their defeat, the peasant uprising influenced the political landscape of the region. The involvement of Black Sea Cossacks in an internal conflict among the Circassians contributed to rising tensions along the Kuban River, leading to further hostilities between the mountain tribes and the Cossacks.

After the battle

After the revolution, Kizbech does not appear in any sources between 1796 and 1810. According to Circassian oral traditions, during this period Kizbech met with Hasan Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Anapa, and went on a pilgrimage to Mecca.[10][11][12] He returned definitively in 1810 and began to appear again in written records. After this, he continued to fight for the Circassian army. [13] The Circassians believed that Kizbech had met Khidr (Alebiy in Circassian).[14]

References

  1. ↑ Heidelberg University, South Asia Institute Professor of Policy E.M. Sarkisyan: "The French revolution was prepared and carried out by educated intellectuals. How did this [Circassian] people, who did not have universities, books and newspapers, come to this idea and realize this revolution?"
  2. ↑ Vorlesungen von Prof. Dr. M. Sarkisyanz. SAI- Heidelberg . Trubetykoy, Nikolaj Sergejewitsch Fürst Erinnerungen an einen Aufenthalt bei den Tscherkessen des Kreises Tuapse. In: Caucasica, 1934, 11, S. 1-39
  3. ↑ Jaimoukha, p. 55.
  4. ↑ Amjad Jaimukha, p. 156
  5. ↑ T, V. Çerkezistan notları. p. 21
  6. ↑ Под ред. Е. М. Жукова. ""бзиюкская битва"". Советская историческая энциклопедия. — М.: Советская энциклопедия. 
  7. ↑ Бзиюкская битва // Военная энциклопедия: [в 18 т.] / под ред. В. Ф. Новицкого ... [и др.]. — СПб. ; [М.] : Тип. т-ва И. Д. Сытина, 1911—1915.
  8. ↑ "Toponymy". http://toponymy.ru/glossary-a/. 
  9. ↑ Template:Cite wikisource
  10. ↑ Пэнэшъу, Аскэр (21 May 2021). "Лъэпкъым ишъхьафитныгъэ псэемыблэжьэу фэбэнагъэх — Адыгэ макъ" (in ady). https://adygvoice.ru/2021/05/21/%d0%bb%d1%8a%d1%8d%d0%bf%d0%ba%d1%8a%d1%8b%d0%bc-%d0%b8%d1%88%d1%8a%d1%85%d1%8c%d0%b0%d1%84%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b3%d1%8a%d1%8d-%d0%bf%d1%81%d1%8d%d0%b5%d0%bc%d1%8b%d0%b1%d0%bb%d1%8d%d0%b6%d1%8c/. 
  11. ↑ Açumıj, Hilmi (2021). "Milletin Özgürlüğü İçin Canla Başla Mücadele Ettiler!". http://cherkessia.net/makale_detay.php?id=3974. 
  12. ↑ Sultan Khan-Girey, "Къызбэч икIалэхэр къэзэкъхэм зэраукIыгъэми, уIэгъабэ зэрэтелъми, жъы зэрэхъугъэми къамыубытэу урысхэм зэпымыоу заохэр аришIылIэщтыгъэ. Хьасан-пашэу Анапэ дэсыгъэм илъэIукIэ Чабэм кIуагъэ, ay быслъымэнхэмкIэ цIэ лъапIэу щыт хьа­джа­цIэми Къызбэч Iэсэнэу, уцужьынэу ашIышъугъэп: ыпсэ хэтыфэ шапсыгъэ шъыпкъэу къэнагъ. Шъэджашъэу, мэкъэ­хъушхоу, иIэбакIи иплъакIи щынагъохэу, нэмыкIэу къэпIон хъумэ, ащ псэемыблэжь банэу а шапсыгъэ лIыхъужъ лъэ­шым ышIыхэрэм ащ изекIуакIи адыригъэштэ шъыпкъэу щытыгъ итеплъи, джащ фэдэ дунэе къижъукI-къутэжьым хэтыным пае къэхъугъэу къыпшIошIыщтыгъэ" (Adigece)
  13. ↑ "مكتبة المقالات | Dr Ali Kasht official website" (in ar). https://dralikasht.wixsite.com/website/blank-page. 
  14. ↑ Нурбый, ГъукIэлI (2016) (in ady). Тыгъужъыкъо Къызбэч. Maykop: ООО Полиграф-ЮГ. 
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