Archive:Sanamahism: Difference between revisions
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{|class="infobox bordered" style="width:22em; font-size:95%; text-align:left;" cellpadding="3" | {|class="infobox bordered" style="width:22em; font-size:95%; text-align:left;" cellpadding="3" | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;" | SANAMAHISM | ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;" | SANAMAHISM | ||
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! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Total population | ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Total population | ||
| style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | 235,000 | | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | 235-250,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm]</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Regions with significant populations | ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Regions with significant populations | ||
| style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | [[Manipur]], [[India]] | | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | [[Manipur]], [[North-East India]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Holy Books | ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Holy Books | ||
| style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | [[Meitei language|Puya / written in | | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | [[Meitei language|Puya / written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Place of Worship | ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Place of Worship | ||
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'''Sanamahism''' is one of the oldest religions of [[South Asia]]. It originated in [[Manipur]] and is mainly practiced by the | '''Sanamahism''' is the worship of [[Sanamahi]], the [[Creator deity|Creator]] aspect of ''Sidaba Mapu'', the [[trinity]] God of the [[Meiteis]]. Sanamahism is one of the oldest religions of [[South Asia]]. It originated in [[Manipur]] India and is mainly practiced by the [[Meitei]]s, [[Kabui]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit Manipur, [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]]. | ||
== Form of Worship == | == Form of Worship == | ||
Sanamahi incorporates features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain etc. ancestor worship (Apokpa), Lamlai, Yumlai, Ningthoulai and Umanglai.[?] It is a religion of antiquity and in its pure native form it is a part of the history of the Meitei people. There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by [[King Kangba]] in the [[Hayi]] age. | |||
Manipur is a land of deities with ''Atiya Shidaba'' as the Supreme God. ''Atiya Shidaba'', ''Apanba'' and ''Asheeba'' are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the Creator, the Preserver and the Annihilator of this universe. ''Pakhangba'', ''Sannamahi'' and ''Nongpok Ningthou'' are the incarnations who play the role of the male deities, whereas ''Leimarel Shidabi'' and ''[[Panthoibi]]'' are the female deities. Besides these, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshiped by the Meiteis. | |||
== Festival == | |||
[[Lai Haraoba]] is the festival of the recollection of the creation stories played by all deities with the first origin of this universe and evolution of the plants and animals through the will of ''Atiya Shidaba''. Sanamahi and [[Leimarel]] are worshiped in every house of the Meiteis and other mentioned indigenous communities of Manipur and nearby states including Myanmar. The other gods and the three hundred and sixty four deities are worshiped in the ''Umanglai Laisangs'' (temples in the reserved woods) in the villages. | |||
== Threats to Sanamahism == | |||
Sanamahi religion was threatened by mass baptism to [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]] (a form of Hinduism) during the reign of [[King Pamheiba]] in the 18th century. The day the ''[[puya]]s'' ([[scripture|holy books]] written in Meitei script) were burned during the reign of King Pamheiba has been observed since 1978 as ''Puya Mei Thaba Ningshing Thouram''. King Pamheiba is claimed by some to have attempted to eliminate the Sanamahi religion. The majority of Hindu meitei also practice Sanamahi in some form. The two religions have long existed in synchrony. | |||
During British rule, the Hill tribes saw mass conversion to Christianity through the work of Baptist missionaries. | |||
On [[April 23]] [[1992]] the ex-[[Maharaja]] of Manipur, Okendrajit Sana, despite having no formal authority, allegedly declared that the Royal customary law of Manipur recognised Sanamahi as state religion. Manipur, a state within the Indian union, does not have a ruling Maharaja, only the descendants of the former Kingdom. | |||
== | == Philosophy == | ||
Sanamahi belief and faith is based on the equality of mankind. The practitioners of the Sanamahi faith believe that man is made in the image of the Creator, who is often referred to as the ''Taibang Mapu Shidaba'' - the immortal lord of the universe. | |||
== | == Followers == | ||
According to the 2001 census of India some 235,000 people in Manipur were recorded as "other" in the religious category. It can be assumed that the vast majority of these people are followers of Sanamahism, because most other major religions are separately categorised.<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
* [[Trimurti]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | |||
* Sohini Ray "2000-01" "The Body-Cult in Sanamahism: A Case of the Revival of an Indigenous Religion Among the Meiteis in Manipur" is an ethnographic study of the sacred myths about the human body among the Meiteis, commonly known as Manipuri, a community in South-East Asia, and on how these mythological beliefs play a pivotal role in a socio-religious revival movement now occurring in the community. Sohini Ray recently received her Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of California, Los Angeles.[http://www.hds.harvard.edu/cswr/people/past/N-R.html] | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Ethnic_Races_Manipur.Meeteis_Surname] | * [http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Ethnic_Races_Manipur.Meeteis_Surname Meiteis Surname] | ||
*[http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.The_Revivalism_of_Sanamahism | * [http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.The_Revivalism_of_Sanamahism Revival of Sanamahism] | ||
[[Category:Religion in India]] | |||
[[Category:Religion in Manipur]] | |||
[[Category:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements]] | [[Category:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements]] | ||
Revision as of 19:34, 5 October 2008
| SANAMAHISM | |
|---|---|
| Total population | 235-250,000[1] |
| Regions with significant populations | Manipur, North-East India |
| Holy Books | Puya / written in Meitei Mayek (Manipuri) |
| Place of Worship | Laishang / Umanglai (forest) /Home/Sanglen |
Sanamahism is the worship of Sanamahi, the Creator aspect of Sidaba Mapu, the trinity God of the Meiteis. Sanamahism is one of the oldest religions of South Asia. It originated in Manipur India and is mainly practiced by the Meiteis, Kabui, Zeliangrong and other communities who inhabit Manipur, Assam, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Myanmar and Bangladesh, with small populations in the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada.
Form of Worship
Sanamahi incorporates features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain etc. ancestor worship (Apokpa), Lamlai, Yumlai, Ningthoulai and Umanglai.[?] It is a religion of antiquity and in its pure native form it is a part of the history of the Meitei people. There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by King Kangba in the Hayi age.
Manipur is a land of deities with Atiya Shidaba as the Supreme God. Atiya Shidaba, Apanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the Creator, the Preserver and the Annihilator of this universe. Pakhangba, Sannamahi and Nongpok Ningthou are the incarnations who play the role of the male deities, whereas Leimarel Shidabi and Panthoibi are the female deities. Besides these, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshiped by the Meiteis.
Festival
Lai Haraoba is the festival of the recollection of the creation stories played by all deities with the first origin of this universe and evolution of the plants and animals through the will of Atiya Shidaba. Sanamahi and Leimarel are worshiped in every house of the Meiteis and other mentioned indigenous communities of Manipur and nearby states including Myanmar. The other gods and the three hundred and sixty four deities are worshiped in the Umanglai Laisangs (temples in the reserved woods) in the villages.
Threats to Sanamahism
Sanamahi religion was threatened by mass baptism to Gaudiya Vaishnavism (a form of Hinduism) during the reign of King Pamheiba in the 18th century. The day the puyas (holy books written in Meitei script) were burned during the reign of King Pamheiba has been observed since 1978 as Puya Mei Thaba Ningshing Thouram. King Pamheiba is claimed by some to have attempted to eliminate the Sanamahi religion. The majority of Hindu meitei also practice Sanamahi in some form. The two religions have long existed in synchrony.
During British rule, the Hill tribes saw mass conversion to Christianity through the work of Baptist missionaries.
On April 23 1992 the ex-Maharaja of Manipur, Okendrajit Sana, despite having no formal authority, allegedly declared that the Royal customary law of Manipur recognised Sanamahi as state religion. Manipur, a state within the Indian union, does not have a ruling Maharaja, only the descendants of the former Kingdom.
Philosophy
Sanamahi belief and faith is based on the equality of mankind. The practitioners of the Sanamahi faith believe that man is made in the image of the Creator, who is often referred to as the Taibang Mapu Shidaba - the immortal lord of the universe.
Followers
According to the 2001 census of India some 235,000 people in Manipur were recorded as "other" in the religious category. It can be assumed that the vast majority of these people are followers of Sanamahism, because most other major religions are separately categorised.[2]
See also
References
- Sohini Ray "2000-01" "The Body-Cult in Sanamahism: A Case of the Revival of an Indigenous Religion Among the Meiteis in Manipur" is an ethnographic study of the sacred myths about the human body among the Meiteis, commonly known as Manipuri, a community in South-East Asia, and on how these mythological beliefs play a pivotal role in a socio-religious revival movement now occurring in the community. Sohini Ray recently received her Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of California, Los Angeles.[2]