Archive:Sanamahism: Difference between revisions
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| group = Sanamahism (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯖꯝ) | | group = Sanamahism (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯖꯝ) | ||
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'''Sanamahism''' | '''Sanamahism''' is an [[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, [[Shaman]]-led religious tradition found among the [[Meitei people|Meitei]] people in [[Manipur]] state of [[India]].<ref name=bertil113>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>{{sfn|Otojit Kshetrimayum|2009|pp=17-34}} The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'' (''lit.'' "liquid gold"), the most important Meitei deities.{{sfn|Saroj Nalini Parratt|1974|pp=17-18}} The details of the identity of Sanamahi – sun, fire, or an aspect of Sidaba Mapu – along with other aspects of the Sanamahism beliefs and practices, along with the history, are unclear and disputed. Broadly, Sanamahism worship elements of nature, such as fire, water and mountains, with a notable temple and worship rituals at the Loi village of [[Andro]], east of [[Imphal]], according to Bertil Lintner.<ref name=bertil113/> Along with Sanamahi, in the past, religious space within Meitei homes called ''Sanamahi Kachin'' were dedicated to Leimaren and Phungga. This is no longer seen in modern Meitei families who identify with Sanamahism.{{sfn|Saroj Nalini Parratt|1974|pp=17-18}} | ||
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The term | |||
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The term Sanamahism is neither found in historic literature of northeast India, nor in Myanmar. The first mentions are found in the ''Cheitharol Kumbaba'' records of the 18th-century Manipuri king [[Pamheiba]] (later named as Garibniwaz), which mentions the ritual of drinking ''yu'' (fermented rice beer) and feasting before a deity.{{sfn|Saroj Nalini Parratt|1974|pp=17-18}} | |||
Sanamahism is a folk religion and a variant of [[shamanism]].{{sfn|Otojit Kshetrimayum|2009|pp=17-34}} It competes with and co-exists with [[Vaishnavism]] – a tradition of Hinduism – among the Meitei people. Opponents and rebellious groups have sought to revive Sanamahism and related practices to emphasize the Manipuri heritage, along with seeking a ban on Bengali language movies and replacing it with English language entertainment from South Korea.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|pages=142-143}}</ref>{{sfn|Otojit Kshetrimayum|2009|pp=17-34}} | |||
''Sanamahism'' is also known as ''Kangleism'' or ''Kanglei Laining'', for it originated from the ancient kingdom of Kangleipak.{{cn}} | |||
Sanamahism is | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Sanamahi creation myth]] | * [[Sanamahi creation myth]] | ||
* [[PuYa|Sacred books of Sanamahi religion]] | * [[PuYa|Sacred books of Sanamahi religion]] | ||
* [[Sarnaism]] – a tribal folk religion found in the eastern states of India | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
{{refbegin}} | {{refbegin}} | ||
* {{citation|title= Women and Shamanism in Manipur and Korea: A Comparative Study| author= Otojit Kshetrimayum| journal= Indian Anthropologist| volume= 39| number= 1/2|year = 2009| pp= 17-34|jstor= 41920088}} | |||
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }} | * {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }} | ||
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}} | * {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}} | ||
* {{citation| title= The Religion of Manipur: Beliefs, Rituals and Historical Development| author= Saroj Nalini Parratt | year= 1974| publisher=Australian National University Press}} | |||
* {{citation| title= The Second 'Women's War' and the Emergence of Democratic Government in Manipur| author1= Saroj N. Arambam Parratt |author2= John Parratt| journal = Modern Asian Studies| volume= 35| number = 4| year= 2001| pp= 905-919| jstor=313195}} | |||
*{{citation| title= Writing the Body: Cosmology, Orthography, and Fragments of Modernity in Northeastern India| author = Sohini Ray| journal= Anthropological Quarterly| volume= 82| number=1| year=2009| pp= 129-154| jstor= 25488260}} | |||
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}} | * {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}} | ||
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}} | * {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}} | ||
Revision as of 01:59, 23 September 2019
Template:Short description Template:About
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Template:Infobox religious group
Sanamahism is an animistic, ancestor worshipping, Shaman-led religious tradition found among the Meitei people in Manipur state of India.[1]Template:Sfn The term is derived from Sanamahi (lit. "liquid gold"), the most important Meitei deities.Template:Sfn The details of the identity of Sanamahi – sun, fire, or an aspect of Sidaba Mapu – along with other aspects of the Sanamahism beliefs and practices, along with the history, are unclear and disputed. Broadly, Sanamahism worship elements of nature, such as fire, water and mountains, with a notable temple and worship rituals at the Loi village of Andro, east of Imphal, according to Bertil Lintner.[1] Along with Sanamahi, in the past, religious space within Meitei homes called Sanamahi Kachin were dedicated to Leimaren and Phungga. This is no longer seen in modern Meitei families who identify with Sanamahism.Template:Sfn
The term Sanamahism is neither found in historic literature of northeast India, nor in Myanmar. The first mentions are found in the Cheitharol Kumbaba records of the 18th-century Manipuri king Pamheiba (later named as Garibniwaz), which mentions the ritual of drinking yu (fermented rice beer) and feasting before a deity.Template:Sfn
Sanamahism is a folk religion and a variant of shamanism.Template:Sfn It competes with and co-exists with Vaishnavism – a tradition of Hinduism – among the Meitei people. Opponents and rebellious groups have sought to revive Sanamahism and related practices to emphasize the Manipuri heritage, along with seeking a ban on Bengali language movies and replacing it with English language entertainment from South Korea.[2]Template:Sfn
Sanamahism is also known as Kangleism or Kanglei Laining, for it originated from the ancient kingdom of Kangleipak.Template:Cn
See also
- Sanamahi creation myth
- Sacred books of Sanamahi religion
- Sarnaism – a tribal folk religion found in the eastern states of India
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bertil Lintner (2015). Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier. Yale University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-300-19567-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ.
- ↑ Bertil Lintner (2015). Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier. Yale University Press. pp. 142-143. ISBN 978-0-300-19567-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ.
Sources
- Otojit Kshetrimayum (2009), "Women and Shamanism in Manipur and Korea: A Comparative Study", Indian Anthropologist 39 (1/2)
- Kshetrimayum, Otojit (2014), Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur, Ruby Press & Co., ISBN 978-93-82395-50-8
- Hodson, T.C. (2015), The Meitheis, Ruby Press & Co., ISBN 978-93-82395-56-0
- Saroj Nalini Parratt (1974), The Religion of Manipur: Beliefs, Rituals and Historical Development, Australian National University Press
- Saroj N. Arambam Parratt; John Parratt (2001), "The Second 'Women's War' and the Emergence of Democratic Government in Manipur", Modern Asian Studies 35 (4)
- Sohini Ray (2009), "Writing the Body: Cosmology, Orthography, and Fragments of Modernity in Northeastern India", Anthropological Quarterly 82 (1)
- Singh, Dr. Saikhom Gopal (2015), The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography, Ruby Press & Co., ISBN 978-93-82395-21-8
- Singh, Dr. Saikhom Gopal (2015), Population Geography of Manipur, Ruby Press & Co., ISBN 978-93-82395-25-6