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The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
{{incredible new physics}}
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
 
The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General [[Physics]] and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the [[:Category:Experimental physics|experimental physics]] and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.
universal.


(short description, main thesises)*
(short description, main thesises)<ref>Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.</ref>


by Kanat B. Abildinov<BR>
by Kanat B. Abildinov<BR>
Kazakhstan, Almaty<BR>
Kazakhstan, Almaty<BR>
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com<BR>
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com<BR>
{{ntnes}}
 
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces were combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
It is now known that the [[Topic:Classical mechanics|classic mechanics]] and the [[Topic:Quantum field theory|quantum field theory]], which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
quantum mechanics and [[Special Relativity|special relativity]], cannot unite four known interactions by a single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
one. It was the main aim in the 30 last years in Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in [[Topic:Particle physics|particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
physics]] <ref>Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
v2.</ref> and problems in [[Topic:High-energy astrophysics|high energy astrophysics]] <ref>Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph].</ref>, such as unexplained energy and sources of
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays)<ref> Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph].</ref>
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
<ref> “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1 [astro-ph].</ref>, the problems of the “[[Dark matter|dark matter]]” <ref>“Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].</ref> and “[[dark energy]]” <ref> “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris, and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].</ref>
<ref> “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale” D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E. Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1</ref> in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe <ref>“Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].</ref> which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of the people.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).
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The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
The matter cannot be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
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The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.
In chime with this we have following.


== Basic principles ==
== Basic principles ==
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There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
# The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
# The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
#:The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
#:The absolute transitions are momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions of the matter, and they do not exist in time.
#:Or, by other words:
#:Or, with other words:
#:The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
#:The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without intermediate values, do not exist in nature.
# The geometrical principle:
# The geometrical principle:
#:The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.
#:The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.
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For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
#The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
#The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values. This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
#The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance Transition”.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
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cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.<br>
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
Postulate no.2.<br>
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
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conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
#a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or simply the “front-front” pair;
or simply the “front-front” pair;
#a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or simply the “front-rear” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
#a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or simply the “rear-front” pair;
simply the “front-rear” pair;
#a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or simply the “rear-rear” pair.
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.


The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
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back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.


== Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==
== Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==
Line 150: Line 148:
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
:1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
:2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
discrete orbit.
Line 180: Line 178:


1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
exist.<br>
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.<br>
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
incorrect.
Line 192: Line 190:
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.<br>
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
condition.<br>
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
particle increases its mass.<br>
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.<br>
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
its source.<br>
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
Line 215: Line 213:
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
theory of interactions”.<br>
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.<br>
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
mass and Universe’s one.<br>
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
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declared.
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
center of the “black hole”.<br>
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
galaxies.<br>
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.<br>
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
inertia.<br>
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.<br>
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.<br>


----
----


* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.
 
==See also==
*[[Wikipedia:Unified Theory of Interactions]]


== References ==
== References ==
 
<references/>
[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2.<BR>
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph].<BR>
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph].<BR>
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].<BR>
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1<BR>


[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Physics]]

Latest revision as of 20:31, 25 March 2010

Template:Incredible new physics

The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one universal.

(short description, main thesises)[1]

by Kanat B. Abildinov
Kazakhstan, Almaty
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com

Introduction

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces were combined and represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for gravitational. The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field). It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot unite four known interactions by a single unified one. It was the main aim in the 30 last years in Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle physics [2] and problems in high energy astrophysics [3], such as unexplained energy and sources of ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays)[4] [5], the problems of the “dark matter” [6] and “dark energy” [7] [8] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as acceleration models of the Universe [9] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by this cause cannot be understood by most of the people. Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter. The matter cannot be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of “absolute emptiness”. The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted – energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart. The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material objects and can affect them. In chime with this we have following.

Basic principles

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:

  1. The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
    The absolute transitions are momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions of the matter, and they do not exist in time.
    Or, with other words:
    The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without intermediate values, do not exist in nature.
  2. The geometrical principle:
    The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

Postulates

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:

  1. The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
  2. The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values. This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
  3. The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance Transition”.

“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of one kind of matter to other one. Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions: 1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and they do not exist. Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid. Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e. will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) was partly incorrect. It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the body, then nothing does occur with them”.


The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary particles, called as “Spheromod”. “Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants), which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is possible, to describe those values, using experimental data. In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in the space:

  1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or simply the “front-front” pair;
  2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or simply the “front-rear” pair;
  3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or simply the “rear-front” pair;
  4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages on the distance between protons bigger than RoT. According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them. According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle. Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron. On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an electromagnetic attraction or repulsion. For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive. For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive. The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle. On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first (front-front) pair of semi-spheres:

1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them

as nuclear forces;

2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the

springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its discrete orbit. The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront) of semi-spheres of two particles.

Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than “Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force. The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc. With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad: Gravitation ≡ Inertia; Inertia ≡ Motion; Gravitation ≡ Motion. And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.

Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions:

1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is incorrect. Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics: The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence. Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence. And, The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe. Therefore, The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary forces are equal to nil. Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black holes” in the centers of galaxies. Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities. Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of the electromagnetic field which have place around them”. Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars. Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is declared. Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.


See also

References

  1. ↑ Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.
  2. ↑ Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112 v2.
  3. ↑ Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph].
  4. ↑ Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph].
  5. ↑ “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1 [astro-ph].
  6. ↑ “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris, and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].
  7. ↑ “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris, and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].
  8. ↑ “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale” D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E. Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1
  9. ↑ “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris, and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].
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