Polar-ring galaxy: Difference between revisions
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| year=1983 | | year=1983 | ||
| volume=88 | | volume=88 | ||
| pages= | | pages=909–925 | ||
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983AJ.....88..909S}}</ref> | | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983AJ.....88..909S | ||
| doi=10.1086/113377}}</ref> | |||
The first four galaxies that were identified as polar-ring galaxies were [[NGC 2685]],<ref name="schectergunn1978">{{cite journal | The first four galaxies that were identified as polar-ring galaxies were [[NGC 2685]],<ref name="schectergunn1978">{{cite journal | ||
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| year=1978 | | year=1978 | ||
| volume=83 | | volume=83 | ||
| pages= | | pages=1360–1362 | ||
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978AJ.....83.1360S}}</ref> [[NGC 4650A]],<ref name="sersic1967">{{cite journal | | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978AJ.....83.1360S | ||
| doi=10.1086/112324}}</ref> [[NGC 4650A]],<ref name="sersic1967">{{cite journal | |||
| author=J. L. Sérsic | | author=J. L. Sérsic | ||
| title=Southern Peculiar Galaxies III | | title=Southern Peculiar Galaxies III | ||
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| year=1967 | | year=1967 | ||
| volume=67 | | volume=67 | ||
| pages= | | pages=306–311 | ||
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967ZA.....67..306S}}</ref><ref name="whitmoreetal1987">{{cite journal | | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967ZA.....67..306S}}</ref><ref name="whitmoreetal1987">{{cite journal | ||
| author=B. C. Whitmore, D. B. McElroy, F. Schweizer | | author=B. C. Whitmore, D. B. McElroy, F. Schweizer | ||
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| year=1987 | | year=1987 | ||
| volume=314 | | volume=314 | ||
| pages= | | pages=439–456 | ||
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...314..439W}}</ref> [[A 0136 -0801]],<ref name="schweizeretal1983">{{cite journal | | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...314..439W | ||
| doi=10.1086/165077}}</ref> [[A 0136 -0801]],<ref name="schweizeretal1983">{{cite journal | |||
| author=F. Schweizer, B. C. Whitmore, V. C. Rubin | | author=F. Schweizer, B. C. Whitmore, V. C. Rubin | ||
| title=Colliding and merging galaxies. II - S0 galaxies with polar rings | | title=Colliding and merging galaxies. II - S0 galaxies with polar rings | ||
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| year=1983 | | year=1983 | ||
| volume=88 | | volume=88 | ||
| pages= | | pages=909–925 | ||
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983AJ.....88..909S}}</ref> and [[ESO 415 -G26]].<ref name="whitmoreetal1987" /> While these galaxies have been extensively studied, many other polar-ring galaxies have since been identified.<ref name="whitmoreetal1990">{{cite journal | | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983AJ.....88..909S | ||
| doi=10.1086/113377}}</ref> and [[ESO 415 -G26]].<ref name="whitmoreetal1987" /> While these galaxies have been extensively studied, many other polar-ring galaxies have since been identified.<ref name="whitmoreetal1990">{{cite journal | |||
| author= B. C. Whitmore, R. A. Lucas, D. B. McElroy, T. Y. Steiman-Cameron, P. D. Sackett, R. P. Olling | | author= B. C. Whitmore, R. A. Lucas, D. B. McElroy, T. Y. Steiman-Cameron, P. D. Sackett, R. P. Olling | ||
| title=New observations and a photographic atlas of polar-ring galaxies | | title=New observations and a photographic atlas of polar-ring galaxies | ||
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| year=1990 | | year=1990 | ||
| volume=100 | | volume=100 | ||
| pages= | | pages=1489–1522, 1721–1755 | ||
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990AJ....100.1489W}}</ref> Polar rings may be found around 0.5% of all nearby [[lenticular galaxies]], and it is possible that 5% of lenticular galaxies may have had polar rings at some point during their lifetimes.<ref name="whitmoreetal1990"/> | | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990AJ....100.1489W | ||
| doi=10.1086/115614}}</ref> Polar rings may be found around 0.5% of all nearby [[lenticular galaxies]], and it is possible that 5% of lenticular galaxies may have had polar rings at some point during their lifetimes.<ref name="whitmoreetal1990"/> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:20, 28 May 2008
A polar-ring galaxy is a type of galaxy in which an outer ring of gas and stars rotates over the poles of the galaxy.[1] These polar rings are thought to form when two galaxies gravitationally interact with each other. One possibility is that a material is tidally stripped from a passing galaxy to produce the polar ring seen in the polar-ring galaxy. The other possibility is that a smaller galaxy collides orthogonally with the plane of rotation of the larger galaxy, with the smaller galaxy effectively forming the polar ring structure.[2]
The first four galaxies that were identified as polar-ring galaxies were NGC 2685,[3] NGC 4650A,[4][5] A 0136 -0801,[2] and ESO 415 -G26.[5] While these galaxies have been extensively studied, many other polar-ring galaxies have since been identified.[6] Polar rings may be found around 0.5% of all nearby lenticular galaxies, and it is possible that 5% of lenticular galaxies may have had polar rings at some point during their lifetimes.[6]
References
- ↑ James Binney, Michael Merrifield (1998). Galactic Astronomy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00402-1.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 F. Schweizer, B. C. Whitmore, V. C. Rubin (1983). "Colliding and merging galaxies. II - S0 galaxies with polar rings". Astronomical Journal 88: 909–925. doi:. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983AJ.....88..909S.
- ↑ P. L. Schecter, J. E. Gunn (1978). "NGC 2685 - Spindle or pancake". Astronomical Journal 83: 1360–1362. doi:. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978AJ.....83.1360S.
- ↑ J. L. Sérsic (1967). "Southern Peculiar Galaxies III". Zeitschrift für Astrophysik 67: 306–311. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967ZA.....67..306S.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 B. C. Whitmore, D. B. McElroy, F. Schweizer (1987). "The shape of the dark halo in polar-ring galaxies". Astrophysical Journal 314: 439–456. doi:. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...314..439W.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 B. C. Whitmore, R. A. Lucas, D. B. McElroy, T. Y. Steiman-Cameron, P. D. Sackett, R. P. Olling (1990). "New observations and a photographic atlas of polar-ring galaxies". Astronomical Journal 100: 1489–1522, 1721–1755. doi:. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990AJ....100.1489W.
External links
- APOD: May 10, 1999 - Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 4650A
- Internet Voters Get Two Galaxies in One from Hubble
- X marks the spot in dark matter web - Polar ring galaxies offer first-hand evidence of the existence of the cosmic web, New Scientist, 29 February 2008