Archive:Aquamarine: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 07:07, 6 February 2008

Aquamarine (Lat. aqua marinā, "water of the sea") is a gemstone-quality transparent variety of beryl, having a delicate blue or turquoise color, suggestive of the tint of seawater. It's closely related to the gem emerald. Colors vary and yellow beryl (heliodor), rose pink beryl (morganite), and white beryl (goshenite) are known.

Composition

Aquamarine is a beryl with a hexagonal crystal structure and a chemical formula of Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈, a beryllium aluminium silicate mineral. It has a specific gravity of 2.68 to 2.74 and a Mohs hardness of from 7.5 to 8. Aquamarine typically is on the low end of the specific gravity range, normally at less than 2.7. The pink variety exhibits a high specific gravity of around 2.8. Refractive indices range around 1.57 to 1.58.

Locations of deposits

It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl, some of the finest coming from Russia. The gem-gravel placer deposits of Sri Lanka contain aquamarine. Clear yellow beryl, such as occurs in Brazil, is sometimes called aquamarine chrysolite. When corundum presents the bluish tint of typical aquamarine, it is often termed Oriental aquamarine.

In the United States, aquamarines can be found at the summit of Mt. Antero in the Sawatch Range in central Colorado. In Brazil, there are mines in the states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Bahia. Zambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya also produce aquamarine.

The biggest aquamarine ever mined was found at the city of Marambaia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1910. It weighed over 110 kg, and its dimensions were 48.5 cm long and 42 cm in diameter.

Aquamarine is the official state gem of Colorado.

Culture and historical/mythical usage

Aquamarine (along with bloodstone) is the birthstone associated with March. It is also the gemstone for the 19th Anniversary.

People in the Middle Ages thought that aquamarine could magically overcome the effects of poison.

Ancient sailors traveled with aquamarine crystals, believing that it would ensure a safe passage, and guarantee a safe return; they often slept with the stones under their pillow to ensure sound sleep. They believed the siren’s (mermaid) fish-like lower body was made of aquamarine.

References

Weinstein, Michael, 1958, The World of Jewel Stones Sheriden House, New York, pp 104-107

Diamond Bug. "Flawless Aquamarine: March Birthstone". Retrieved March 16, 2006.

http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/aquamarine.html

http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/aquamari/aquamari.htm

http://www.mindat.org/min-289.html

Template:Jewellery Materials

Template:Gems & Crystals

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Aquamarine
+{{otheruses1|the mineral}}
+{{Infobox mineral
-From the light blue of the sky to the deep blue of the sea, aquamarines shine over an extraordinarily beautiful range of mainly light blue colours. Aquamarine is a fascinatingly beautiful gemstone. Women the world over love it for its fine blue shades which can complement almost any skin or eye colour, and creative gemstone designers are inspired by it as they are by hardly any other gem, which enables them to create new artistic cuts again and again.
+| name = Aquamarine
-Its light blue arouses feelings of sympathy, trust, harmony and friendship. Good feelings. Feelings which are based on mutuality and which prove their worth in lasting relationships. The blue of aquamarine is a divine, eternal colour, because it is the colour of the sky. However, aquamarine blue is also the colour of water with its life-giving force. And aquamarine really does seem to have captured the lucid blue of the oceans. No wonder, when you consider that according to the saga it originated in the treasure chest of fabulous mermaids, and has, since ancient times, been regarded as the sailors' lucky stone. Its name is derived from the Latin 'aqua' (water) and 'mare' (sea). It is said that its strengths are developed to their best advantage when it is placed in water which is bathed in sunlight. However, it is surely better still to wear aquamarine, since according to the old traditions this promises a happy marriage and is said to bring the woman who wears it joy and wealth into the bargain. An ideal gem, not only for loving and married couples.
+| category = [[beryl]] variety
-A gemstone with many good qualities
+| boxwidth =
-Aquamarine is one of our most popular and best-known gemstones, and distinguishes itself by many good qualities. It is almost as popular as the classics: ruby, sapphire and emerald. In fact it is related to the emerald, both belonging to the beryl family. The colour of aquamarine, however, is usually more even than that of the emerald. Much more often than its famous green cousin, aquamarine is almost entirely free of inclusions. Aquamarine has good hardness (7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale) and a wonderful shine. That hardness makes it very tough and protects it to a large extent from scratches. Iron is the substance which gives aquamarine its colour, a colour which ranges from an almost indiscernible pale blue to a strong sea-blue. The more intense the colour of an aquamarine, the more value is put on it. Some aquamarines have a light, greenish shimmer; that too is a typical feature. However, it is a pure, clear blue that continues to epitomise the aquamarine, because it brings out so well the immaculate transparency and magnificent shine of this gemstone.
+| boxbgcolor =
-'Santa Maria' sets pulses racing
+| image = Aquamarin cut.jpg
-The bright blue of this noble beryl is making more and more friends. The various colour nuances of aquamarine have melodious names: the rare, intense blue aquamarines from the Santa Maria de Itabira mine in Brazil, which make every gemstone lover's heart beat faster, are called 'Santa Maria'. Similar nuances come from a few gemstone mines in Africa, particularly Mozambique. To help distinguish them from the Brazilian ones, these aquamarines have been given the name 'Santa Maria Africana'. The 'Espirito Santo' colour of aquamarines from the Brazilian state of that name is of a blue that is not quite so intense. Yet other qualities are embodied in the stones from Fortaleza and Marambaia. One beautiful aquamarine colour was named after the Brazilian beauty queen of 1954, and has the name 'Martha Rocha'.
+| imagesize = 250px
-It can be seen from the names of aquamarine colours just how important Brazil is among the countries where aquamarine is found. Most of the raw crystals for the world market come from the gemstone mines of that large South American country. Every now and then, large aquamarine crystals of immaculate transparency are also found with a magnificent colour, a combination which is very unusual in gemstones. And very occasionally, sensationally large aquamarine crystals come to light in Brazil, such as the crystal of 110.5 Kg found in 1910 in Marambaia/Minas Gerais, or for example the 'Dom Pedro', weighing 26 Kg and cut in Idar-Oberstein in 1992 by the gemstone designer Bernd Munsteiner, the largest aquamarine ever to have been cut. However, aquamarines are also found in other countries, for example Nigeria, Zambia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
+| caption = Aquamarine
-Favourite stone of modern designers
+| formula = Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub><ref name="GRG"/>
-There is hardly any other gemstone in modern jewellery design which is refined in such a variety of ways as aquamarine. Whether it is fashioned as a clear, transparent gem in the classical step cut, or creatively cut in a more modern design, it is always fascinatingly beautiful. Uncut too, or with many inclusions which can be brought into play by the designer in the way in which the stone is cut, it can be refined to produce the most beautiful creations. Designers call it their favourite gemstone. Again and again they take the world by surprise with a new, modern artistic cut, and when they are breaking new ground, aquamarine is a gem that they particularly like to work with. Without doubt, these creative designer cuts have contributed to the great popularity of this gem. The lucid colour of aquamarine makes it easy to see inclusions. For this reason, aquamarine should always be of the greatest possible transparency. On the other hand, particularly charming effects can sometimes be achieved in the way the gemstone is cut by bringing the inclusions into play. The light colour of aquamarine leaves the gemstone designer free to bring out the brilliance of the gem with fine grooves, notches, curves and edges. In this way, each aquamarine becomes a unique specimen, whose magical attraction no woman can resist.
+| molweight =
+| color = transparent (or can be translucent if included), greenish blue to blue green, typically light in tone<ref name="GRG">[[Gemological Institute of America]], ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, ISBN:0-87311-019-6</ref>
+| habit =
+| system = [[hexagonal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
+| twinning =
+| cleavage = very difficult in one direction, almost never seen<ref name="GRG"/>
+| fracture = [[conchoidal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
+| mohs = 7.5 - 8<ref name="GRG"/>
+| luster = [[vitreous]] to resinous<ref name="GRG"/>
+| polish = [[vitreous]] <ref name="GRG"/>
+| refractive = 1.577 - 1.583 (+/- .017)<ref name="GRG"/>
+| opticalprop = Double refractive, uniaxial negative<ref name="GRG"/>
+| birefringence = .005 - .009<ref name="GRG"/>
+| dispersion = .014<ref name="GRG"/>
+| pleochroism = weak to moderate, blue and greenish blue; or different tones of blue with lighter tones associated with the optic axis direction <ref name="GRG"/>
+| fluorescence= inert<ref name="GRG"/>
+| absorption = indistinct lines at 537 and 456nm. Depending on the depth of color, there is a strong line at 427nm.<ref name="GRG"/>
+| streak =
+| gravity = 2.72 (+.18, -.05)<ref name="GRG"/>
+| density =
+| melt =
+| fusibility =
+| diagnostic =
+| solubility =
+| diaphaneity =
+| other =
+}}
+'''Aquamarine''' (Lat. ''aqua marinā'', "water of the sea") is a [[gemstone]]-quality transparent variety of [[beryl]], having a delicate blue or [[turquoise]] color, suggestive of the tint of [[seawater]]. It's closely related to the gem [[emerald]]. Colors vary and yellow beryl ([[heliodor]]), rose pink beryl ([[morganite]]), and white beryl ([[goshenite]]) are known.
+==Composition==
+Aquamarine is a beryl with a [[Hexagonal (crystal system)|hexagonal]] [[crystal structure]] and a [[chemical formula]] of Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>, a [[beryllium]] [[aluminium]] [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]]. It has a [[specific gravity]] of 2.68 to 2.74 and a [[Mohs hardness]] of from 7.5 to 8. Aquamarine typically is on the low end of the specific gravity range, normally at less than 2.7. The pink variety exhibits a high specific gravity of around 2.8. [[Refractive index|Refractive indices]] range around 1.57 to 1.58.
+==Locations of deposits==
+It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl, some of the finest coming from [[Russia]]. The gem-gravel [[Placer mining|placer]] deposits of [[Sri Lanka]] contain aquamarine. Clear yellow beryl, such as occurs in [[Brazil]], is sometimes called aquamarine chrysolite. When [[corundum]] presents the bluish tint of typical aquamarine, it is often termed Oriental aquamarine.
+In the [[United States]], aquamarines can be found at the summit of [[Mount Antero|Mt. Antero]] in the [[Sawatch Range]] in central [[Colorado]]. In [[Brazil]], there are mines in the states of [[Minas Gerais]], [[Espírito Santo]] and [[Bahia]]. Zambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya also produce aquamarine.
+The biggest aquamarine ever mined was found at the city of Marambaia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1910. It weighed over 110 kg, and its dimensions were 48.5 cm long and 42 cm in diameter.
+Aquamarine is the [[List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones|official state gem]] of Colorado.
+==Culture and historical/mythical usage==
+*Aquamarine (along with [[bloodstone]]) is the [[birthstone]] associated with [[March (month)|March]]. It is also the gemstone for the 19th Anniversary.
+*People in the [[Middle Ages]] thought that aquamarine could magically overcome the effects of [[poison]].
+*Ancient sailors traveled with aquamarine crystals, believing that it would ensure a safe passage, and guarantee a safe return; they often slept with the stones under their pillow to ensure sound sleep. They believed the siren’s ([[mermaid]]) fish-like lower body was made of aquamarine.
+== See also ==
+[[Image:Beryl09.jpg|thumb|left|Three Beryl Crystals - Aquamarine rough crystal in the center]]
+{{commonscat|Aquamarine}}
+* [[List of minerals]]
+== References ==
+<references/>
+* Weinstein, Michael, 1958, ''The World of Jewel Stones'' Sheriden House, New York, pp 104-107
+* Diamond Bug. [http://diamondbug.blogspot.com/2006/03/flawless-aquamarine-march-birthstone.html "Flawless Aquamarine: March Birthstone"]. Retrieved March 16, 2006.
+*http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/aquamarine.html
+*http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/aquamari/aquamari.htm
+*http://www.mindat.org/min-289.html
+{{Jewellery Materials}}
+{{Gems & Crystals}}
+[[Category:Silicate minerals]]
+[[Category:Gemstones]]
+[[bg:Аквамарин]]
+[[cs:Akvamarín]]
+[[da:Akvamarin]]
+[[de:Aquamarin]]
+[[et:Akvamariin]]
+[[es:Aguamarina]]
+[[fr:Aigue-marine]]
+[[gl:Augamariña]]
+[[he:תרשיש (אבן חן)]]
+[[lv:Akvamarīns]]
+[[lt:Akvamarinas]]
+[[nl:Aquamarijn]]
+[[ja:アクアマリン]]
+[[no:Akvamarin]]
+[[pl:Akwamaryn]]
+[[pt:Água-marinha]]
+[[ro:Acvamarin]]
+[[ru:Аквамарин]]
+[[sl:Akvamarin (kamen)]]
+[[sr:Аквамарин]]
+[[fi:Akvamariini]]
+[[sv:Akvamarin]]
+[[vi:Ngọc berin]]
+[[tr:Akuamarin]]
+[[uk:Аквамарин]]

wikademia>Imperial Gift

Revision as of 07:07, 6 February 2008

Composition

Locations of deposits

Culture and historical/mythical usage

See also

References