Archive:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States: Difference between revisions
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'''Spanish-Portuguese Jews''' are the oldest Jewish community in the [[United States]], having first arrived in the mid-17th century to the Dutch colony of [[New Amsterdam|New Netherland]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction: Origins of the American Jewish Community |url=https://jwa.org/article/introduction-origins-of-american-jewish-community |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Congregational History {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-history/congregational-history/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> | '''Spanish-Portuguese Jews''' are the oldest Jewish community in the [[United States]], having first arrived in the mid-17th century to the Dutch colony of [[New Amsterdam|New Netherland]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction: Origins of the American Jewish Community |url=https://jwa.org/article/introduction-origins-of-american-jewish-community |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Congregational History {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-history/congregational-history/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== | == History == | ||
{{Further|History of the Jews in Colonial America|Jews in New Amsterdam|Spanish and Portuguese Jews}} | |||
The first Jews to arrive in North America were 23 [[Sephardic Jews|Sephardim]] fleeing the Portuguese conquest of [[Dutch Brazil]] in 1654.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jews in Colonial New York |url=https://www.philipsemanorhall.com/blog/jews-in-colonial-new-york |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.philipsemanorhall.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The New York Historical |url=https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/new-yorks-first-jews-came-from-brazil |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.nyhistory.org |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== Modern communities == | |||
* [[Congregation Shearith Israel]] | * [[Congregation Shearith Israel]] | ||
* [[Congregation Mikveh Israel]] | * [[Congregation Mikveh Israel]] | ||
== Historical communities == | |||
* [[Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/places/kahal-kadosh-beth-elohim-synagogue.htm |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref> | |||
* [[Touro Synagogue (New Orleans)|Touro Synagogue]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Touro Synagogue |url=http://tourosynagogue.com/about-us/ourhistory/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Touro Synagogue |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
* [[Congregation Mickve Israel]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of CMI - Congregation Mickve Israel |url=https://www.mickveisrael.org/history-of-cmi.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260217200527/https://www.mickveisrael.org/history-of-cmi.html |archive-date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.mickveisrael.org}}</ref> | |||
* [[Touro Synagogue]] ([[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]], [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-28 |title=The Touro Synagogue - Newport, RI |url=https://www.thetourosynagogue.org/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
* [[St. Thomas Synagogue|The Hebrew Congregation of St. Thomas]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Historic Synagogue |url=https://synagogue.vi/our-historic-synagogue/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
== Institutions and organizations == | |||
* [[Jewish Theological Seminary of America]] - Founded by R' [[Sabato Morais]] and R' [[Henry Pereira Mendes]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-29 |title=History of JTS - Jewish Theological Seminary |url=https://www.jtsa.edu/history-of-jts/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.jtsa.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
* [[Orthodox Union]] - Founded by R' Henry Pereira Mendes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levine |first=Dr Yitzchok |date=2013-09-11 |title=Reverend Henry Pereira Mendes: Orthodox Stalwart (Part I) |url=https://www.ou.org/life/community/reverend-henry-pereira-mendes-orthodox-stalwart-part/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=OU Life |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markovitz |first=Eugene |date=1966 |title=Henry Pereira Mendes: Architect of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23875623 |journal=American Jewish Historical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=364–384 |issn=0002-9068}}</ref> | |||
* [https://www.shearithisrael.org/giving/hebra-hased-vaamet/ Hebra Hased Va’Amet (Hebrew Benevolent Society)] - Oldest active Jewish philanthropic organization in [[New York City]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1852-11-12 |title=Fiftieth Anniversary of the "Hebra Hased Va Amet" Hebrew Benevolent Society. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1852/11/12/archives/fiftieth-anniversary-of-the-hebra-hased-va-amet-hebrew-benevolent.html |access-date=2026-05-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | |||
* [[Gomez Mill House|'''Gomez Foundation for Mill House''']] - Runs the Gomez Mill House museum<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gomez Mill House: An American Treasure |url=https://www.gomez.org/about.html |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.gomez.org}}</ref> | |||
== Notable individuals == | == Notable individuals == | ||
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* [[Emma Lazarus]] - Poet | * [[Emma Lazarus]] - Poet | ||
* Rabbi [[Isaac Leeser]] - Religious leader | * Rabbi [[Isaac Leeser]] - Religious leader | ||
* Rabbi | * Rabbi Sabato Morais - Co-founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary | ||
* Rabbi | * Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes - Co-founder of the Orthodox Union and Jewish Theological Seminary | ||
* [[Haym Salomon]] - [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] and merchant | * [[Haym Salomon]] - [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] and merchant | ||
* Rabbi [[Marc D. Angel]] - Rabbi emeritus of Congregation Shearith Israel | * Rabbi [[Marc D. Angel]] - Rabbi emeritus of Congregation Shearith Israel | ||
| Line 66: | Line 85: | ||
* [[Henri Castro]] - Diplomat and Texas [[empresario]] | * [[Henri Castro]] - Diplomat and Texas [[empresario]] | ||
* [[Mordecai Manuel Noah]] - Sheriff, playwright, diplomat, journalist, and [[Utopia|utopian]] | * [[Mordecai Manuel Noah]] - Sheriff, playwright, diplomat, journalist, and [[Utopia|utopian]] | ||
* [[Daniel De Leon]] - Socialist writer and unionist | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[History of the Jews in the Southern United States]] | |||
* [[Military history of Jewish Americans]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
Revision as of 16:36, 20 May 2026
Spanish-Portuguese Jews are the oldest Jewish community in the United States, having first arrived in the mid-17th century to the Dutch colony of New Netherland.[1][2]
History
Template:Further The first Jews to arrive in North America were 23 Sephardim fleeing the Portuguese conquest of Dutch Brazil in 1654.[3][4]
Modern communities
Historical communities
- Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim (Reform)[5]
- Touro Synagogue (Reform)[6]
- Congregation Mickve Israel (Reform)[7]
- Touro Synagogue (Orthodox, Ashkenazi)[8]
- The Hebrew Congregation of St. Thomas (Reform)[9]
Institutions and organizations
- Jewish Theological Seminary of America - Founded by R' Sabato Morais and R' Henry Pereira Mendes[10]
- Orthodox Union - Founded by R' Henry Pereira Mendes[11][12]
- Hebra Hased Va’Amet (Hebrew Benevolent Society) - Oldest active Jewish philanthropic organization in New York City[13]
- Gomez Foundation for Mill House - Runs the Gomez Mill House museum[14]
Notable individuals
- Rabbi David de Sola Pool - Former rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel
- Judah Touro - Businessman and philanthropist
- Benjamin N. Cardozo - Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
- Isaac Harby - Advocate for Reform Judaism
- Lee Cohen Harby - Writer
- Jacob De Cordova - Politician
- Judah P. Benjamin - Politician and lawyer
- Moses Jacob Ezekiel - Sculptor
- Edwin Warren Moïse - Lawyer, Confederate officer, and Adjutant-General from South Carolina
- Francis Salvador - Politician and revolutionary
- David Levy Yulee - Politician and lawyer
- Emma Lazarus - Poet
- Rabbi Isaac Leeser - Religious leader
- Rabbi Sabato Morais - Co-founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary
- Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes - Co-founder of the Orthodox Union and Jewish Theological Seminary
- Haym Salomon - Founding Father and merchant
- Rabbi Marc D. Angel - Rabbi emeritus of Congregation Shearith Israel
- Rabbi Meir Soloveichik - Current rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel
- Rabbi Hayyim Angel - Former rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel and professor at Yeshiva University
- SFC Yosef Malachi Guedalia - IDF soldier and victim of the October 7th massacre[15]
- Rabbi Shalom Morris - Rabbi of Bevis Marks Synagogue[16]
- Rabbi Joseph Dweck - Senior rabbi of the Spanish-Portuguese community of the United Kingdom
- Hazzan Gershom Mendes Seixas - First native-born Jewish religious leader in the United States
- Maud Nathan - Labor activist, suffragist, and social worker
- Jacob Lumbrozo - Colonial Maryland physician, farmer, and trader
- CPT Uriah P. Levy - First Jewish Commodore of the United States Navy
- Lawrence Ferlinghetti - Poet
- William Pereira - Architect
- Abraham Pais - Physicist and science historian
- Josh Pais - Actor
- Josephine Lazarus - Essayist, book critic, transcendentalist, and Zionist
- Solomon Nunes Carvalho - Painter, photographer, author, and inventor
- Isaac Lopez Brandon - One of the earliest recorded Jews of African descent in the United States
- Jao de la Porta - Merchant
- Jean Lafitte - Pirate and privateer
- Vic Seixas - Tennis player
- Theodore Solomons - Explorer and early Sierra Club member
- Arthur Hays Sulzberger - Publisher of the New York Times from 1935-1961
- Rabbi Isaac Touro - Religious leader and British Loyalist
- Hazzan Jacques Judah Lyons - Religious leader, composer, historian
- Judah Monis - First Hebrew instructor in North America
- David L. Lopez - Builder, industrialist, slaveowner, and philanthropist
- Aaron Lopez - Merchant, slave trader, and philanthropist
- Morris Lazaron - Reform rabbi and writer
- Joel Rinaldo - Founder of Joel's Bohemia
- Benjamin Nathan - Investor, philanthropist, and murder victim
- Henri Castro - Diplomat and Texas empresario
- Mordecai Manuel Noah - Sheriff, playwright, diplomat, journalist, and utopian
- Daniel De Leon - Socialist writer and unionist
See also
References
- ↑ "Introduction: Origins of the American Jewish Community" (in en). https://jwa.org/article/introduction-origins-of-american-jewish-community.
- ↑ "Congregational History | Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue" (in en). 2022-05-19. https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-history/congregational-history/.
- ↑ "Jews in Colonial New York" (in en). https://www.philipsemanorhall.com/blog/jews-in-colonial-new-york.
- ↑ "The New York Historical" (in en). https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/new-yorks-first-jews-came-from-brazil.
- ↑ "Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue (U.S. National Park Service)" (in en). https://www.nps.gov/places/kahal-kadosh-beth-elohim-synagogue.htm.
- ↑ "Touro Synagogue" (in en-US). http://tourosynagogue.com/about-us/ourhistory/.
- ↑ "History of CMI - Congregation Mickve Israel". https://www.mickveisrael.org/history-of-cmi.html.
- ↑ "The Touro Synagogue - Newport, RI" (in en-US). 2025-05-28. https://www.thetourosynagogue.org/.
- ↑ "Our Historic Synagogue" (in en-US). https://synagogue.vi/our-historic-synagogue/.
- ↑ "History of JTS - Jewish Theological Seminary" (in en-US). 2015-09-29. https://www.jtsa.edu/history-of-jts/.
- ↑ Levine, Dr Yitzchok (2013-09-11). "Reverend Henry Pereira Mendes: Orthodox Stalwart (Part I)" (in en-US). https://www.ou.org/life/community/reverend-henry-pereira-mendes-orthodox-stalwart-part/.
- ↑ Markovitz, Eugene (1966). "Henry Pereira Mendes: Architect of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America". American Jewish Historical Quarterly 55 (3): 364–384. ISSN 0002-9068. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23875623.
- ↑ "Fiftieth Anniversary of the "Hebra Hased Va Amet" Hebrew Benevolent Society." (in en-US). The New York Times. 1852-11-12. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1852/11/12/archives/fiftieth-anniversary-of-the-hebra-hased-va-amet-hebrew-benevolent.html.
- ↑ "Gomez Mill House: An American Treasure". https://www.gomez.org/about.html.
- ↑ Staff, ToI (2023-10-12). "Sgt. First Class Yosef Malachi Guedalia, 22: ‘A very gentle, sweet person’" (in en-US). The Times of Israel. ISSN 0040-7909. https://www.timesofisrael.com/sgt-first-class-yosef-malachi-guedalia-22-a-very-gentle-sweet-person/.
- ↑ "RABBI SHALOM MORRIS" (in en-GB). https://www.sephardi.org.uk/about/rabbis/rabbi-shalom-morris/.