Archive:2011 Eclectic–Lake Martin tornado: Difference between revisions
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On the afternoon of April 27, 2011, A large and deadly tornado went through the southern parts of Alabama, Part of a [[2011 Super outbreak|very large and deadly tornado outbreak]], witch is the largest and costliest [[Tornado Outbreak]] in United States history. | On the afternoon of April 27, 2011, A large and deadly tornado went through the southern parts of Alabama, Part of a [[2011 Super outbreak|very large and deadly tornado outbreak]], witch is the largest and costliest [[Tornado Outbreak]] in United States history. | ||
==Meteorological synopsis== | |||
{{Main|2011 Super Outbreak#Meteorological synopsis}} | |||
===Setup=== | |||
The environmental conditions leading up to the 2011 Super Outbreak were among the "most conducive to violent tornadoes ever documented".<ref name="BAMS">{{cite journal|author=Kevin R. Knupp|display-authors=etal|journal=[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|date=July 2014|title=Meteorological Overview of the Devastating 27 April 2011 Tornado Outbreak|volume=95|issue=7|doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00229.1|pages=1,041–1,062|bibcode=2014BAMS...95.1041K|s2cid=22335326 }}</ref> On April 25, a vigorous upper-level [[Shortwave (meteorology)|shortwave trough]] moved into the Southern Plains states.<ref>{{cite report|author=Ryan E. Jewell|publisher=[[Storm Prediction Center]]|date=April 25, 2011|accessdate=May 15, 2016|title=Apr 25, 2011 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2011/day1otlk_20110425_1200.html|location=Norman, Oklahoma}}</ref> Ample instability, low-level moisture, and [[wind shear]] all fueled a significant [[tornado outbreak]] from [[Texas]] to [[Tennessee]]; at least 64 tornadoes touched down on this day.<ref name="BAMS"/> An [[Low-pressure area|area of low pressure]] consolidated over Texas on April 26 and traveled east while the aforementioned shortwave trough traversed the [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] and [[Ohio River]] valleys.<ref>{{cite report|author=Ryan E. Jewell|publisher=[[Storm Prediction Center]]|date=April 26, 2011|accessdate=May 15, 2016|title=Apr 26, 2011 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2011/day1otlk_20110426_1200.html|location=Norman, Oklahoma}}</ref> Another 50 tornadoes touched down on this day.<ref name="BAMS"/> The multi-day outbreak culminated on April 27 with the most violent day of tornadic activity since the [[1974 Super Outbreak]]. Multiple episodes of tornadic activity ensued with two waves of [[mesoscale convective system]]s in the morning hours followed by a widespread outbreak of [[supercell]]s from [[Mississippi]] to [[North Carolina]] during the afternoon into the evening.<ref name="BAMS"/> | |||
Tornadic activity on April 27 was precipitated by a 995 [[Bar (unit)|mbar]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]; 29.39 [[Inches of Mercury|inHg]]) surface low situated over [[Kentucky]] and a deep, negatively tilted (aligned northwest to southeast) trough over [[Arkansas]] and [[Louisiana]]. A strong southwesterly surface jet intersected these systems at a 60° angle, an [[Ageostrophy|ageostrophic flow]] that led to [[Hydrodynamical helicity#Meteorology|storm-relative helicity]] values in excess of 500 m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>−2</sup>—indicative of extreme wind shear and a very high potential for rotating [[Vertical draft|updrafts]] within supercells. Ample moisture from the [[Gulf of Mexico]] was brought north across the [[Deep South]], leading to daytime high temperatures of {{convert|25|to|27|C|F|abbr=on|order=flip}} and [[dewpoint]]s of {{convert|19|to|22|C|F|abbr=on|order=flip}}. Furthermore, [[convective available potential energy]] (CAPE) values reached 2,500–3,000 J/kg<sup>−1</sup>.<ref name="BAMS"/> | |||
Revision as of 22:45, 14 September 2026
Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox weather eventTemplate:Infobox weather event/TornadoTemplate:Infobox weather event/EffectsTemplate:Infobox weather event/Footer On the afternoon of April 27, 2011, A large and deadly tornado went through the southern parts of Alabama, Part of a very large and deadly tornado outbreak, witch is the largest and costliest Tornado Outbreak in United States history.
Meteorological synopsis
Setup
The environmental conditions leading up to the 2011 Super Outbreak were among the "most conducive to violent tornadoes ever documented".[1] On April 25, a vigorous upper-level shortwave trough moved into the Southern Plains states.[2] Ample instability, low-level moisture, and wind shear all fueled a significant tornado outbreak from Texas to Tennessee; at least 64 tornadoes touched down on this day.[1] An area of low pressure consolidated over Texas on April 26 and traveled east while the aforementioned shortwave trough traversed the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys.[3] Another 50 tornadoes touched down on this day.[1] The multi-day outbreak culminated on April 27 with the most violent day of tornadic activity since the 1974 Super Outbreak. Multiple episodes of tornadic activity ensued with two waves of mesoscale convective systems in the morning hours followed by a widespread outbreak of supercells from Mississippi to North Carolina during the afternoon into the evening.[1]
Tornadic activity on April 27 was precipitated by a 995 mbar (hPa; 29.39 inHg) surface low situated over Kentucky and a deep, negatively tilted (aligned northwest to southeast) trough over Arkansas and Louisiana. A strong southwesterly surface jet intersected these systems at a 60° angle, an ageostrophic flow that led to storm-relative helicity values in excess of 500 m2s−2—indicative of extreme wind shear and a very high potential for rotating updrafts within supercells. Ample moisture from the Gulf of Mexico was brought north across the Deep South, leading to daytime high temperatures of Template:Convert/to and dewpoints of Template:Convert/to. Furthermore, convective available potential energy (CAPE) values reached 2,500–3,000 J/kg−1.[1]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Kevin R. Knupp (July 2014). "Meteorological Overview of the Devastating 27 April 2011 Tornado Outbreak". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (American Meteorological Society) 95 (7): 1,041–1,062. doi:. Bibcode: 2014BAMS...95.1041K.
- ↑ Template:Cite report
- ↑ Template:Cite report