Kharijite Rebellions (684–693): Difference between revisions
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'''The [[Najdat]] rebellion''', a Kharijite uprising, emerged during the [[Second Fitna]] as a factional opposition to Umayyad rule. Led by [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]], the group established control over the region of [[Al-Yamama]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292}}</ref> | '''The [[Najdat]] rebellion''', a Kharijite uprising, emerged during the [[Second Fitna]] as a factional opposition to Umayyad rule. Led by [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]], the group established control over the region of [[Al-Yamama]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
== The Rebellion == | == The Rebellion == | ||
By the Late 680s the Kharijite Sub-group had expanded into Yemen and Hadhramaut, Consolidating power over much of Arabia, and threatening the Hijaz, through raids and control of Routes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936}}</ref> | By the Late 680s the Kharijite Sub-group had expanded into Yemen and Hadhramaut, Consolidating power over much of Arabia, and threatening the Hijaz, through raids and control of Routes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
== Their Defeat == | == Their Defeat == | ||
Internal Fragmentations had split and weakend the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292}}</ref> | Internal Fragmentations had split and weakend the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
== Aftermath == | == Aftermath == | ||
The defeat had removed the groups Political ability, and the group declined and subsequently, lost all it's members.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Umayyad world |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-69141-1 |editor-last=Marsham |editor-first=Andrew |series=Routledge worlds |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936}}</ref> | The defeat had removed the groups Political ability, and the group declined and subsequently, lost all it's members.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Umayyad world |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-69141-1 |editor-last=Marsham |editor-first=Andrew |series=Routledge worlds |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 06:49, 27 April 2026
Template:Use dmy datesTemplate:Infobox military conflict
The Najdat rebellion, a Kharijite uprising, emerged during the Second Fitna as a factional opposition to Umayyad rule. Led by Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi, the group established control over the region of Al-Yamama.[1][2]
The Rebellion
By the Late 680s the Kharijite Sub-group had expanded into Yemen and Hadhramaut, Consolidating power over much of Arabia, and threatening the Hijaz, through raids and control of Routes.[3][4]
Their Defeat
Internal Fragmentations had split and weakend the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.[5][6]
Aftermath
The defeat had removed the groups Political ability, and the group declined and subsequently, lost all it's members.[7][8]
References
- ↑ Timani, Hussam S. (2008) (in en). Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-9701-3. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Ahmad, Muhammad Rasyidi; Kusnadi, Asep; Baharuddin, Baharuddin (2025-12-30). "Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era" (in en). International Journal of Social and Political Sciences 2 (3): 225–234. doi:. ISSN 3089-5936. https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149.
- ↑ Timani, Hussam S. (2008) (in en). Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-9701-3. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8.
- ↑ Crone, Patricia (1998). "A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate". Studia Islamica (88): 55–76. doi:. ISSN 0585-5292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697.
- ↑ Marsham, Andrew, ed (2021). The Umayyad world. Routledge worlds. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-69141-1.
- ↑ Ahmad, Muhammad Rasyidi; Kusnadi, Asep; Baharuddin, Baharuddin (2025-12-30). "Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era" (in en). International Journal of Social and Political Sciences 2 (3): 225–234. doi:. ISSN 3089-5936. https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149.