Ekman transport

Closely related to the Ekman spiral, where winds blowing up and down coastal regions cause a seaward flow of surface water (perpendicular to the flow of wind), which creates the upwelling of deep nutrient rich sea water. This has the effect of creating good fishing regions along coasts where this phenomenon occurs. An example is the coast of Peru where periodic upwellings caused by El Niño mean some in some years, fishing is good, and others it is not.