Introductory Ancient Greek Language/Review

Alphabet

Greek	Name	English equivalent
Α α	alpha	a
Β β	beta	b
Γ γ	gamma	g
Δ δ	delta	d
Ε ε	epsilon	e
Ζ ζ	zeta	z
Η η	eta	ē
Θ θ	theta	th
Ι ι	iota	i
Κ κ	kappa	k
Λ λ	lambda	l
Μ μ	mu	m
Ν ν	nu	n
Ξ ξ	xi	x
Ο ο	omicron	o
Π π	pi	p
Ρ ρ	rho	r
Σ σ or ς	sigma	s
Τ τ	tau	t
Υ υ	upsilon	u
Φ φ	phi	ph
Χ χ	chi	ch
Ψ ψ	psi	ps
Ω ω	omega	ō

Breathings and Accents

A rough breathing mark (pronounced 'h') looks like this ῾ and a smooth breathing mark (not pronounced) looks like this ᾿. They only go over vowels and ρ at the beginning of a word.

The three types of accents are acute ´ , circumflex ῀, and agrave ` . They indicate an emphasised syllable. They only go on vowels.

The Definite Article

The definite article is translated as 'the' but sometimes it need not be translated at all.

A nominative noun in the subject of a sentence, the thing that does the verb.

The genetive is used to indicate possession or motion away from for prepositions

The dative is used to indicate an indirect object and is used with some prepositions

The accusative indicates a direct obect, the thing that the verb is being done to. It also indicates motion towards for prepositions.

The vocative is used to adress someone or something

Singular

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὁ	ἡ	τόν
Genitive	τοῦ	τῆς	τοῦ
Dative	τῷ	τῇ	τῷ
Accusative	τόν	τήν	τόν
Vocative	ὦ	ὦ	ὦ

Plural

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	οἱ	αἱ	τά
Genitive	τῶν	τῶν	τῶν
Dative	τοῖς	ταῖς	τοῖς
Accusative	τούς	τᾱς	τά
Vocative	ὦ	ὦ	ὦ