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Military history of the peoples of the British Islands

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British military history is a long and varied topic, extending from the prehistoric and ancient historic period, through the Roman invasions of Julius Cæsar and Claudius and subsequent Roman occupation; warfare in the Mediaeval period, including the invasions of the Saxons and the Vikings in the Early Middle Ages, the Norman Conquest, and wars against France; through the Early Modern period, wars against Spain and France, and the English Civil War, and the beginnings of the colonial British Empire in India, the USA and Canada; and into the Modern period with the wars of Marlborough and against Napoleon, the Crimean War and into the 20th century with the Boer War, World War I and World War II, the Cold War the Korean War; and, most recently, Northern Ireland, the Falklands War and military operations in the Balkans and the Middle East.

List of British military encounters

Prehistoric and ancient period

Mediæval period

Early Colonial period

Colonial Period

Modern Period

21st century

List of fortifications in Britain

Roman & ancient

Mediæval

1600s

Georgian & Victorian

World War II Stop Lines

List of British military institutions

See main article: British Armed Forces

List of British military alliances

Scottish military alliances

Main Article: Auld Alliance (1165-1560)

The Auld Alliance was a military alliance between the countries of France, Norway, and Scotland. Though Norway never invoked the treaty, the Scots and the French did. The treaty stated that if any of the three nations was to be attacked by a third party, that the other two nations that belonged to the treaty would invade the aggressor. The effects of this military alliance happened many times in history. In 1336, at the beginning of the Hundred Years' War, the French king Philip VI provided military support for David II, who fled to France after being deposed by Edward III of England. The Auld Alliance can also be said to have inflamed the English invasion of Scotland, starting the First War of Scottish Independence. In 1346, under the terms of the Auld Alliance, Scotland invaded England in the interests of France. In 1421, at the Battle of Baugé, French and Scots forces dealt a crushing defeat to the English, for which the Scots were richly rewarded. In addition, in 1429 Scots came to the aid of Joan of Arc in her famous relief of Orléans; many went on to form the Garde Écossaise, the fiercely-loyal bodyguard of the French monarchy. Many Scottish mercenaries chose to settle in France, although they continued to consider themselves "Scots". However, when Scotland considered itself Protestant by the Treaty of Edinburgh, the treaty was considered void, since France was still Roman Catholic.

English military alliances

British military alliances

See also

References

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