Pharmacoenvironmentology

Pharmacoenvironmentology is a branch of pharmacology that deals entry of chemicals or drugs into the environment after elimination from humans and animals as post-therapy. It deals specifically with those pharmacological agents that have impact on the environment via elimination through living organisms subsequent to pharmacotherapy.

Ecopharmacology: It is described as entry of chemicals or drugs into the environment through any route and at any concentration disturbing the balance of ecology (ecosystem), as a consequence. Ecopharmacology is a broad term that includes studies of “PPCPs” irrespective of doses and route of entry into environment.

References

1. SZ Rahman, RA Khan, V Gupta & Misbahuddin. Pharmacoenvironmentology – Ahead of Pharmacovigilance. In: Rahman SZ, Shahid M & Gupta A Eds. An Introduction to Environmental Pharmacology (ISBN # 978-81-906070-4-9). Ibn Sina Academy, Aligarh, India, 2008: 35-42

2. S Z Rahman, R A Khan, Varun Kumar, Misbahuddin, Pharmacoenvironmentology – A Component of Pharmacovigilance, BMC Environmental Health 2007, 6:20 (24 Jul 2007)

http://www.ehjournal.net/content/6/1/20

3. S Z Rahman, Impact of Human Medicines on Environment – A New Emerging Problem. Population Envis (Population-Environment Bulletin of International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai) 2006; 3 (2): 3-4

4. Ilene Sue Ruhoy, Christian G. Daughton. Beyond the medicine cabinet: An analysis of where and why medications accumulate. Environment International 2008, Vol. 34 (8): 1157-1169

5. Moghadamnia AA. A review of Common Poisoning Episodes; Past, presence and the future and the routes of solution with a view of poisoning in Mazandaran Province. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 2008; 9(6): 61-77. (Persian)

6. Moghadamnia AA. A review of poisoning and drug overdose. Koomesh [Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences] 2007; 8(4): 193-204. (Persian)

7. K. Kümmerer. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment – A Brief Summary. In: Kümmerer, Klaus (Ed.). Pharmaceuticals in the Environment (ISBN 978-3-540-74663-8), 3rd Edition: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008: 3-21

8. Daughton, Christian G; Ruhoy, Ilene Sue. The Afterlife of Drugs and the Role of PharmEcovigilance. Drug Safety 2008; 31(12): 1069-1082