Immigrant entrepreneurship
Template:User sandbox Immigrant entrepreneurship refers to the founding or ownership of businesses by individuals who have immigrated to a country other than their country of birth. Notable examples include Andrew Carnegie,[1] Alexander Graham Bell,[2] and Elon Musk[3] in the United States; Paul Julius Reuter, who built his news agency in Britain; and James de Rothschild, the Frankfurt-born banker who founded the French branch of the Rothschild dynasty.
Patterns and prevalence
Immigrants start businesses at higher rates than native-born populations in many developed countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. In the United States, the foreign-born share of business owners more than doubled between 1980 and 2010. [4]
Scholars have identified self-employment as a common pathway for labor market integration among immigrants, though research suggests this is more economically effective for high-skilled immigrants than low-skilled ones.
Many developed countries have introduced special visa programs to attract immigrant entrepreneurs, though the effectiveness of such programs remains an active area of research.
- ↑ Gould, Sam (1995). "Andrew Carnegie: Scottish Immigrant, Entrepreneur, Philanthropist". University of Dayton Review 23 (3). https://ecommons.udayton.edu/udr/vol23/iss3/5.
- ↑ "Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922)". BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/bell_alexander_graham.shtml.
- ↑ Sommerlad, Joe (6 February 2025). "Elon Musk, who arrived in the U.S. at age 31, is being questioned on his citizenship again. What to know". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/elon-musk-citizenship-us-south-africa-canada-b2693635.html.
- ↑ Lofstrom, Magnus. [https://wol.iza.org/articles/immigrants-and-entrepreneurship/long "Immigrants and Entrepreneurship"]. IZA World of Labor. 2019.